NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo

Long thought of to be vesicles that primarily recycled waste biomolecules from cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have now emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have proven their potential as mediators of cell proliferation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis, and are currently being used as treatments for a variety of diseases and injuries. They are now being used in combination with a variety of more traditional biomaterials and tissue engineering strategies to stimulate tissue repair and wound healing. However, the clinical translation of EVs has been greatly slowed due to difficulties in EV isolation and purification, as well as their limited yields and functional heterogeneity. Thus, a field of EV engineering has emerged in order to augment the natural properties of EVs and to recapitulate their function in semi-synthetic and synthetic EVs. Here, we have reviewed current technologies and techniques in this growing field of EV engineering while highlighting possible future applications for regenerative medicine.

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“…Drug loading [60][61][62][63][64]75] Surface peptide modification [91,92,98,99] Liposome hybridization [101,102]…”

Section: Synthetic Ev Type Description Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This possibility was further realized when Jia et al used Click chemistry to conjugate the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1)-targeted peptide, RGE, to the surface of macrophage-derived EVs [92]. EV membranes were modified with sulfo-NHS and then reacted with azide-modified RGE peptide using salts and copper as catalysts.…”

Section: Click Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine

2019

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“…The most intriguing aspect of EVs to have attracted the scientific interest is the possibility of customizing them "ad hoc" [13]. This means loading EVs with different functional molecules simultaneously [60], targeting EVs membrane for increasing tissue and cell targets [61]. We list here the most recent and promising studies published so far.…”

Section: Evs As Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases

Tian¹,

Casella²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Biol. Sci.

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Since extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered in 1983 in sheep reticulocytes samples, they have gradually attracted scientific attention and become a topic of great interest in the life sciences field. EVs are small membrane particles, released by virtually every cell that carries a variety of functional molecules. Their main function is to deliver messages to the surrounding area in both physiological and pathological conditions. Initially, they were thought to be either cell debris, signs of cell death, or unspecific structures. However, accumulating evidence support a theory that EVs are a universal mechanism of communication. Thanks to their biological characteristics and functions, EVs are likely to represent a promising strategy for obtaining pathogen information, identifying therapeutic targets and selecting specific biomarkers for a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in the study of the biology and functions of EVs. We also discuss their roles in diagnosis and therapy, with particular emphasis on autoimmune diseases.

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“…Self-assembled peptide nanoligand derived from phage display library was used to down regulate the BACE1 without toxicity and inflammation [47] . Datta et al (2000) used a receptor binding domain peptide derived from human apolipoprotein E (hApoE), LRKLRKRLLR [hApoE (141)(142)(143)(144)(145)(146)(147)(148)(149)(150)] as a vehicle to cross the BBB. They fused hApoE (141-150) with 18A (DWLKAFYDKVAEKLKEAF) [Ac-He18a-NH 2 ], a high affinity lipid-associated peptide to assess the uptake and degradation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF1).…”

Section: Novel Shuttle Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes derived from dendritic cell cultures treated with interferon-γ were found to increase myelination in rats upon intranasal administration, possibly by delivery of miR-219 [148]. Exosomes loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs) and curcumin and conjugated with neuroleptin-1targeted peptide (RGERPRR) crossed the BBB and were used for imaging and treatment of glioma [149]. Iraci et al (2017) revealed the unexpected ability of stem cell exosomes to harbour and deliver functional enzymes (e.g.…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide based drug delivery systems to the brain

Islam

Leach

Smith³

et al. 2020

Nano Express

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With estimated worldwide cost over $1 trillion just for dementia, diseases of the central nervous system pose a major problem to health and healthcare systems, with significant socio-economic implications for sufferers and society at large. In the last two decades, numerous strategies and technologies have been developed and adapted to achieve drug penetration into the brain, evolving alongside our understanding of the physiological barriers between the brain and surrounding tissues. The blood brain barrier (BBB) has been known as the major barrier for drug delivery to the brain. Both invasive and minimally-invasive approaches have been investigated extensively, with the minimallyinvasive approaches to drug delivery being more suitable. Peptide based brain targeting has been explored extensively in the last two decades. In this review paper, we focused on self-assembled peptides, shuttle peptides and nanoparticles drug delivery systems decorated/conjugated with peptides for brain penetration.Abbreviations

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NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo

Cited by 525 publications

References 42 publications

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine

Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Regenerative Medicine

Potential roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of autoimmune diseases

Peptide based drug delivery systems to the brain

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