NRAMP1 Gene Polymorphism: A Pathogenic Bacterial Resistance Trait in Indonesia Cattle

Abstract

The pathogenic bacterial infection is the main cause of decreased cow productivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene polymorphisms with pathogenic bacterial resistance traits in Indonesian cattle. A total of seventeen (17) animals of mixed-breed cattle comprising two categories healthy (7 heads) and infected with bacteria (10 heads) were used in this study. Forward sequencing analysis was performed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the partial NRAMP1 gene (954 bp) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that a novel SNP of g.109Y (intron 5) and two common SNPs of g.221K (intron 5) and g.642R (intron 6) were detected in the NRAMP gene in Indonesian native cattle. In addition, these SNPs have a moderate polymorphic information content (PIC) value (0.30 - 0.50). Therefore, eight (8) haplotypes of the NRAMP1 gene were determined in the present study. Thus, the highest bacterial infection frequency was shown in the TT/GT/AG haplotype. In conclusion, three (3) nonsense SNP in the NRAMP1 gene have the potency as a genetic marker for bacterial resistance trait in Indonesian cattle