NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants

Fu, Zheng Qing; Yan, Shunping; Saleh, Abdelaty; Wang, Wei; Ruble, James; Oka, Nodoka; Mohan, Rajinikanth; Spoel, Steven H.; Tada, Yutaka; Zheng, Ning; Dong, Xinnian

doi:10.1038/nature11162

Cited by 805 publications

(962 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(43 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

908

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…At the biological level, nuclear accumulation of NPR1 is required for basal defense gene expression, whereas proteasome-mediated turnover is required for ETI, and a combination of NPR1 accumulation and turnover is necessary for SAR development [6,9]. The results presented by Fu et al [6] suggest that the interplay between NPR1, NPR3/4, and an SA concentration gradient finetunes NPR1 homeostasis and thus helps specify disease resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The results presented by Fu et al [6] suggest that the interplay between NPR1, NPR3/4, and an SA concentration gradient finetunes NPR1 homeostasis and thus helps specify disease resistance. According to their working model, the enhanced susceptibility exhibited by SA-deficient plants is due to unrestricted NPR4 binding to NPR1, which depletes NPR1 due to CUL3 NPR4 -mediated degradation [6]. In wild-type plants, low basal SA levels may bind to NPR4, thereby allowing some NPR1 to accumulate to confer basal resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…SA also regulates NPR1 phosphorylation, which facilitates NPR1's recruitment to a Cullin3 (CUL3) E3 ligase and subsequently proteasome-mediated degradation [9]. Now Dong's group has demonstrated that the NPR1 paralogues NPR3 and NPR4 are adaptor proteins for the CUL3 E3 ligase that specifically target NPR1 for degradation in an SA concentrationdependent manner [6]. Supporting their conclusion, NPR3 and NPR4 contain domains typically found in CUL3 substrate adaptors, and npr3/4 single and double mutants contain elevated levels of NPR1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the Nature paper from Xinnian Dong's group [6] represents a major step forward in our understanding of SA signaling mechanisms during plant-pathogen interactions. Dong's group has been instrumental in characterizing the function of NPR1 (Nonexpresser of Pathogenesis-Related genes 1) in plant defense [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dong's group has been instrumental in characterizing the function of NPR1 (Nonexpresser of Pathogenesis-Related genes 1) in plant defense [7]. While NPR1 is a key player in one of the SAmediated defense signaling pathways, it does not appear to be an SA receptor as it does not directly bind SA [6]. Instead, SA regulates the conversion of NPR1 from an oligomeric to a monomeric form, which leads to its nuclear translocation [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Salicylic acid binds NPR3 and NPR4 to regulate NPR1-dependent defense responses

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Salicylic acid binds NPR3 and NPR4 to regulate NPR1-dependent defense responses

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Edited by Wilhelm JustPlant immune receptors enable detection of a multitude of microbes including pathogens. The recognition of microbes activates various plant signaling pathways, such as those mediated by phytohormones. Over the course of coevolution with microbes, plants have expanded their repertoire of immune receptors and signaling components, resulting in highly interconnected plant immune networks. These immune networks enable plants to appropriately respond to different types of microbes and to coordinate immune responses with developmental programs and environmental stress responses. However, the interconnectivity in plant immune networks is exploited by microbial pathogens to promote pathogen fitness in plants. Analogous to plant immune networks, virulence-related pathways in bacterial pathogens are also interconnected. Accumulating evidence implies that some plant-derived compounds target bacterial virulence networks. Thus, the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks intimately interact with each other. Here, we highlight recent insights into the structures of the plant immune and bacterial virulence networks and the interactions between them. We propose that small molecules derived from plants and/or bacterial pathogens connect the two molecular networks, forming supernetworks in the plant-bacterial pathogen holobiont.

show abstract

Systemic Signalling in Plant Defence

Vlot

Pabst

Riedlmeier

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Systemic signalling involves a complex network of signal transduction and amplification that leads to the activation of defence genes and establishment of systemic resistance throughout the entire plant. On microbial invasion, pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and effectors are frequently detected and recognised by plant receptors. Localised perception at the infection site rapidly triggers a cascade of early signalling events, including protein phosphorylation and production of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, secondary signal molecules are synthesised and involved in amplification of defence signalling and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). An increasing number of long‐distance signalling intermediates has been identified. Most of these act together and specifically promote systemic defence via the regulation of the local release of a set of systemically mobile signals. In the systemic tissue, the induction of SAR depends on synergistic interactions between systemic and ubiquitous salicylic acid‐associated immune signals. Key Concepts Local resistance to pathogen infection generally results from PAMP (pattern‐associated molecular pattern)‐triggered immunity and microbial effector‐triggered immunity. Microbial infection of local tissues often leads to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in distal tissues which provides long‐lasting broad‐spectrum resistance to a variety of pathogens. Reactive oxygen species mediate systemic immunity acting as both cell‐to‐cell systemic signals and as local signalling partners upstream of other phloem‐mobile signals. Mobile signals for SAR that are translocated via the vasculature may include methyl salicylate, the C 9 lipid peroxidation product azelaic acid, one or more lipid transfer proteins, the diterpene dihydroabietinal and the nonprotein amino acid pipecolic acid. Many of the SAR mobile signals cooperate with each other and with salicylic acid in one or more parallel and synergistic signalling pathways. As a form of priming, SAR is supported by epigenetic regulation of defence gene expression.

show abstract

NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid in plants

Cited by 805 publications

References 30 publications

Salicylic acid binds NPR3 and NPR4 to regulate NPR1-dependent defense responses

Salicylic acid binds NPR3 and NPR4 to regulate NPR1-dependent defense responses

Molecular networks in plant–pathogen holobiont

Systemic Signalling in Plant Defence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About