Novichok Agents - Mysterious Poisonous Substances From the Cold War Period

Patočka, Jiří

doi:10.31482/mmsl.2018.012

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Different from Mirzayanov [ 3 ], Hoenig [ 12 ] speculates that compounds A-230, A-232, and A-234 are fluorophosphonates, as shown in Figure 3 , where the N atom is not directly bound to the P atom, and they contain several halogens in the structure. Similar versions of these compounds were also reported by Ellison [ 14 ] and Patocka [ 13 ] ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Other Possible Chemicals In the A-seriessupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Due to the high level of secrecy surrounding the FOLIANT program, very little is known about the real structures of the A-series nerve agents, and many speculative structures have been reported in the literature [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. There is some consensus that all compounds of the A-series should be derivatives of one of the three scaffolds reported by Chai et al [ 11 ], as shown in Figure 2 .…”

Section: Other Possible Chemicals In the A-seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

França

Kitagawa

Cavalcante

et al. 2019

IJMS

102

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“Novichoks” is the name given to the controversial chemical weapons supposedly developed in the former Soviet Union between the 1970s and the 1990s. Designed to be undetectable and untreatable, these chemicals became the most toxic of the nerve agents, being very attractive for both terrorist and chemical warfare purposes. However, very little information is available in the literature, and the Russian government did not acknowledge their development. The intent of this review is to provide the IJMS readers with a general overview on what is known about novichoks today. We briefly tell the story of the secret development of these agents, and discuss their synthesis, toxicity, physical-chemical properties, and possible ways of treatment and neutralization. In addition, we also wish to call the attention of the scientific community to the great risks still represented by nerve agents worldwide, and the need to keep constant investments in the development of antidotes and ways to protect against such deadly compounds.

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Section: Other Possible Chemicals In the A-seriessupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Other Possible Chemicals In the A-seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

França

Kitagawa

Cavalcante

et al. 2019

IJMS

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, very little information is available (Karev 2009 ; Halámek and Kobliha 2011 ; Pitschmann 2014 ). In scientific articles (mainly described by Nepovimova and Kuca 2018 , 2020 ), only a few properties according to three Novichok agents, that is, A-230, A-232, and A-234 (possible A-series nerve agents reported by Hoenig) and other possible Novichoks reported by Ellison ( 2007 ) and Patočka ( 2018 ) are published.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Novichoksmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we currently know about Novichoks? The state of the art

Noga¹,

Jurowski

2022

Arch Toxicol

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Novichok is the name given to the group of nerve agents created stealthily in the later phases of the Cold War by the Soviet Union. Constitute the fourth generation of chemical warfare agents; like other nerve agents, they are organophosphorus compounds designed to be incurable and undetectable. The mechanism of action is based on the non-competitive and irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Due to their enormous toxicity, Novichoks have become attractive targets for terrorists. However, little information is known about the identity of nerve agents. Furthermore, these compounds have never been submitted to the Chemical Weapons Convention. Our article aspires to provide a general overview of Novichoks knowledge. As part of this, we reviewed the available literature data to answer the question, what are Novichoks? In addition to the physical and chemical properties of A-agents, synthesis, mechanism of action, and toxicity of nerve agents were also reviewed. We hope that this review will highlight the tremendous threat posed by nerve agents and will inspire further studies on the interdisciplinary aspects of these compounds.

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“…Quando, em 4 de março de 2018, o ex-espião russo Sergei Skripal e a sua filha Yulia foram encontrados inconscientes num banco de jardim em Salisbury, Reino Unido, dificilmente alguém conseguiria imaginar o que se tinha passado. Pai e filha, e também o polícia que os assistiu, Nick Bailey, tinham sido expostos a um agente neurotóxico de "grau militar de um tipo produzido pela Rússia", segundo a Primeira Ministra, à data, Theresa May [21][22][23]. Esta afirmação emerge dos resultados laboratoriais obtidos pelos especialistas do Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL), posteriormente confirmados pela OPAQ [24], segundo os quais o neurotóxico utilizado na tentativa de assassinato dos russos era um agente da Série A, alegadamente o composto A-234 [25][26][27], de acordo com a estrutura proposta por Mirzayanov [6] (Figura 6).…”

Section: Salisbury E Amesbury 2018unclassified

Convenção para a Proibição das Armas Químicas: 25 Anos a Tornar o Mundo Mais Seguro

Carvalho¹

2022

BSPQuimica

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Novichok Agents - Mysterious Poisonous Substances From the Cold War Period

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

Novichoks: The Dangerous Fourth Generation of Chemical Weapons

What do we currently know about Novichoks? The state of the art

Convenção para a Proibição das Armas Químicas: 25 Anos a Tornar o Mundo Mais Seguro

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