Novice Word Processor User Performance with Pictorial and Text Icons

Touch or click friendly: Towards adaptive user interfaces for complex applications

“…Secondly, the tasks visible on the ribbon, after a new installation were only selected. The reason is that tasks or actions that are out of sight could be difficult to find and perform for novice users [ 21 , 25 , 32 ]. Among the tasks having a similar command structure (e.g., text alignment), only one of the tasks was selected (i.e., align Centre).…”

“…Hide the paragraph marker.” Each selection of a word resulted in one action and marking each word resulted in another action and overall, in twenty-one actions. A similar method was also used by Beelders et al [ 21 ] and Kortum et al [ 33 ] though for different settings. Beelders et al [ 21 ] used settings such as pre-task training and conducting the actual experiment after a few weeks.…”

“…A similar method was also used by Beelders et al [ 21 ] and Kortum et al [ 33 ] though for different settings. Beelders et al [ 21 ] used settings such as pre-task training and conducting the actual experiment after a few weeks. Whereas Kortum et al [ 33 ] provided task T1 and then the SUS scale to rate usability, task T2 and SUS, and so on for the five tasks.…”

“…Wood et al, [5] used drag and drop of different objects. Steinert et al [19], Baldus et al [20], and Beelders et al [21] utilized editing tasks in different contexts. However, it is clear from Table 2 that none of the studies used more than 15 tasks and all studies used custom-made applications in contrast to this study that utilized application in the real word use.…”

“…However, there are some variations as well. For example, the studies [19][20][21] either found no differences between different devices or found the performance comparable to each other. Similar results are found for efficiency as well.…”