Novel Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol Performance Evaluation using Diverse Packet Size for Agriculture Application

Abstract

As the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) progress with newer and more advanced technologies, so do the demands for them in a growing number of applications. Precision agricultural environment monitoring is one of the most prominent applications that require feasible wireless support systems, particularly in the protection and condition control of the crops. This paper focuses on the grid nodes arrangement of WSN, considering the wide dissemination of the plantation areas in the agriculture industry. Due to the different types of sensors used and their data size, the study on the impact of the varied packet size on the performance of the small and large network has been carried out using AODV and OLSR routing protocols. No significant differences in terms of performance can be seen as the packet size is varied. However, compared to the small network, more performance issues have occured in the large network, such as more packet loss, higher throughput degradation, higher energy consumption, worse unfairness, and more overhead production. The OEG routing protocol has been proposed to enhance the network performance by reducing the strain due to the saturated traffic. When solely compared to AODV, OEG routing protocol is able to enhance the network performance with at most 27% more packet delivery ratio, 31kbps more throughput, and 0.991J lesser energy consumed in the network.

Deep neural network based interactive fuzzy Bayesian search algorithm for low‐cost smart farming automation model

“…In addition to this, several techniques have been established to figure out various existing issues regarding crop production in the agricultural field. Among all those techniques, AI has been turned out to be the most exceptional performer in terms of robustness and accuracy 12 …”

“…Among all those techniques, AI has been turned out to be the most exceptional performer in terms of robustness and accuracy. 12 This research paper is implemented to develop a low-cost smart farming automation system. This type of farming system makes it easy by monitoring the agricultural field using a monitor or phone that includes relative humidity, soil pH, atmospheric temperature, and so forth thereby minimizing the labor cost and enhancing the production rate.…”

Radio Wave Attenuation Measurement System Based on RSSI for Precision Agriculture: Application to Tomato Greenhouses

“…Agriculture is a fundamental pillar in a country's economy and society; therefore, increasing agricultural productivity through cutting-edge technology contributes to economic progress and the feeding of its inhabitants [1]. In this perspective, technological advancement in precision agriculture (PA) has been accelerated by the Internet of things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), and even 5G networks [2,3], because almost all techniques used in PA have sensing technology as a common factor [4,5]. PA produces more food with limited resources such as water and soil [6][7][8], effectively increasing the quality and yield of crops [9], a remarkable fact considering the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) states that the human population level on a global scale will increase from eight billion inhabitants in 2025 to nine billion, six hundred million in 2050 [10].…”

“…Radio modules operating according to the IEEE 802.15.14 standard typically use radio frequency transceivers in the 2. 4 GHz band (2400-2483.5 MHz) [19], as it is freely available worldwide and the most widely used among radio modules from manufacturers using WLAN [20][21][22], PAN wireless communication standards such as IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth), IEEE 802.15.4 used in WSN (wireless sensor network), and IEEE 802.11 (WiFi). Finally, the fourth subsystem is the power subsystem, with a design based on energy saving, which is relevant as sensors have to operate on an extremely limited energy budget [10,23].…”