Novel visualization studies of lignocellulosic oxidation chemistry by application of C-near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Mancosky, Douglas G.; Lucia, Lucian A.; Nanko, Hiroki; Wirick, S.; Rudie, Alan W.; Braun, Róbert

doi:10.1023/b:cell.0000049352.60007.76

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2c). We also show that the characteristic C = O absorption peak of chitin is clearly distinguishable from a strong cellulose peak reported at 289.5 eV24.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Discovery of 505-million-year old chitin in the basal demosponge Vauxia gracilenta

Ehrlich

Rigby

Botting³

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

133

108

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Sponges are probably the earliest branching animals, and their fossil record dates back to the Precambrian. Identifying their skeletal structure and composition is thus a crucial step in improving our understanding of the early evolution of metazoans. Here, we present the discovery of 505–million-year-old chitin, found in exceptionally well preserved Vauxia gracilenta sponges from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. Our new findings indicate that, given the right fossilization conditions, chitin is stable for much longer than previously suspected. The preservation of chitin in these fossils opens new avenues for research into other ancient fossil groups.

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“…2c). We also show that the characteristic C = O absorption peak of chitin is clearly distinguishable from a strong cellulose peak reported at 289.5 eV24.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The carbon K-edge spectrum of investigated material showed all the typical absorption features of chitin (~288.5 eV)24 (Fig. 2c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Discovery of 505-million-year old chitin in the basal demosponge Vauxia gracilenta

Ehrlich

Rigby

Botting³

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

133

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is easy to observe the COOH 1s →π*absorption that is localized along the edge of the fibre sections because it is depicted as a more intensely concentrated dark area. The X‐ray microscopic images shown in the Figures allowed us to determine that the carboxylic acid moieties that absorb strongly at 289 eV are present in abundance at the edges of the peroxide bleached fibres, and are not found on the unbleached fibres, lending significant evidence to the postulation that hydrogen peroxide‐induced fibre damage is a topochemical Fenton event that occurs extensively in the presence of metals (Mancosky et al 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Atomic force microscopic analysis of hydrogen peroxide bleached kraft northern black spruce fibres

Poggi

Mancosky

Bottomley

et al. 2005

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryHydrogen peroxide is a potent, relatively inexpensive oxidant that chemically degrades chromophoric components in pulps and textiles. Oxidation of cellulose is a byproduct of this process step that decreases the tensile strength of individual fibres. The residence time of pulp in the bleaching reactor must be optimized to achieve the desired brightness and minimizing fibre degradation. To evaluate the impact of peroxide bleaching at the microfibrillar level, a single black spruce tree was chosen and kraft pulped. Peroxide bleaching was conducted via benchtop polyethylene bag bleaching in a temperature-controlled waterbath. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographical images acquired before and after the bleaching step show dramatic changes in fibre structure consistent with delignification and defects in the surface topography. This was further verified by X-ray work at Brookhaven National Laboratory, NY, U.S.A.

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“…The main advantages of STXM are minimal radiation damage (when compared to electron microscopy), ability to analyze hydrated samples, and ability to probe alignment of molecular orbitals due to polarization dependence. Various STXM based techniques like C-XANES and C-NEXAFS have been used to carry out chemical analysis of plant biomass (Cody, 2000; Mancosky et al, 2005; Cody et al, 2009). STXM based spectrotomography is also able to do morphological 3D visualization and quantitative chemical mapping in bacteria (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Opportunities In Structural Characterization Of Plant Cell Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Opportunities in the Characterization of Cellulose – An Important Regulator of Cell Wall Growth and Mechanics

et al. 2019

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The plant cell wall is a dynamic network of several biopolymers and structural proteins including cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is one of the main load bearing components of this complex, heterogeneous structure, and in this way, is an important regulator of cell wall growth and mechanics. Glucan chains of cellulose aggregate via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces to form long thread-like crystalline structures called cellulose microfibrils. The shape, size, and crystallinity of these microfibrils are important structural parameters that influence mechanical properties of the cell wall and these parameters are likely important determinants of cell wall digestibility for biofuel conversion. Cellulose–cellulose and cellulose-matrix interactions also contribute to the regulation of the mechanics and growth of the cell wall. As a consequence, much emphasis has been placed on extracting valuable structural details about cell wall components from several techniques, either individually or in combination, including diffraction/scattering, microscopy, and spectroscopy. In this review, we describe efforts to characterize the organization of cellulose in plant cell walls. X-ray scattering reveals the size and orientation of microfibrils; diffraction reveals unit lattice parameters and crystallinity. The presence of different cell wall components, their physical and chemical states, and their alignment and orientation have been identified by Infrared, Raman, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Sum Frequency Generation spectroscopy. Direct visualization of cell wall components, their network-like structure, and interactions between different components has also been made possible through a host of microscopic imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. This review highlights advantages and limitations of different analytical techniques for characterizing cellulose structure and its interaction with other wall polymers. We also delineate emerging opportunities for future developments of structural characterization tools and multi-modal analyses of cellulose and plant cell walls. Ultimately, elucidation of the structure of plant cell walls across multiple length scales will be imperative for establishing structure-property relationships to link cell wall structure to control of growth and mechanics.

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Novel visualization studies of lignocellulosic oxidation chemistry by application of C-near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Discovery of 505-million-year old chitin in the basal demosponge Vauxia gracilenta

Discovery of 505-million-year old chitin in the basal demosponge Vauxia gracilenta

Atomic force microscopic analysis of hydrogen peroxide bleached kraft northern black spruce fibres

Progress and Opportunities in the Characterization of Cellulose – An Important Regulator of Cell Wall Growth and Mechanics

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