Novel Viruses in Human Faeces

Pereira, H. G.; Fialho, Alexandre Madi; Flewett, T. H.; Teixeira, Jose M.; Andrade, Zelia Pimentel

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90032-3

Cited by 95 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The low ARV frequency in pasty feces (3.0%) and its non-detection in normal feces suggest that its presence in broiler chickens feces is related to the alteration in the feces consistency, characterizing a probable enteric disturbance (Table 2). PBV has already been described in the intestinal contents of several mammal species and also in poultry (1,4,7,23). The genome is composed by two (2.6 a 1.9 Kbp) or three (2.9; 2.4; 0.9 Kbp) segments of dsRNA (27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmented double-stranded genomic RNA viruses in fecal samples from broiler chicken

Tamehiro

Alfieri

Médici

2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) technique in fecal samples from broiler chicken. A total of 378 fecal samples from 1-7 weeks old chickens were analyzed. dsRNA with migration profile characteristic of avian rotavirus (AvRV), reovirus (ARV) or picobirnavirus (PBV) was identified in 32 (8.5%), 7 (1.8%) and 13 (3.4%) samples, respectively. AvRV and ARV occurred more frequently in chickens up to 1 month old and were related with enteritis signs. Considering only fecal samples of chickens with diarrhea, the AvRV was detected in 37.8% (14/37) and the ARV in 13.5% (5/37) of analyzed samples. AvRV was identified in only 1.5% (4/274) and ARV was not detected in normal feces collected from assymptomatic chickens (controls). PBV dsRNA was detected in broiler chickens from two to seven weeks old, more frequently in feces with pasty consistency. The AvRV showed great electrophoretic profile variability in the dsRNA segments and nine different electropherotypes were identified. Variation in genome pattern was not observed in either ARV or PBV.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmented double-stranded genomic RNA viruses in fecal samples from broiler chicken

Tamehiro

Alfieri

Médici

2003

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Picobirnaviruses were first detected in the human fecal specimens collected during acute gastroenteritis outbreaks and from feces of black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) in 1988 from Brazil [63,64,66]. Later, PBVs have been identified in faecal specimens of humans practically worldwide [3, 6, 7, 14, 26-29, 51, 55, 56, 61, 68, 76].…”

Section: Discovery Of Picobirnavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The virion is non-enveloped, small, spherical, 33-41 nm in diameter, with bisegmented dsRNA and consists of a simple core capsid with a distinctive icosahedral arrangement [21,63,68,82]. Based on the migration pattern of the bisegmented dsRNA, PBV appears either with large genome profile (2.3-2.6 kbp for the larger and 1.5-1.9 kbp for the smaller segment, respectively) [34,68] or small genome profile (1.75 and 1.55 kbp for segments 1 and 2, respectively) [6,26,27,34] in PAGE experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Picobirnavirus

2014

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Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of vertebrate hosts. The name 'Picobirnavirus' derives from the prefix 'pico' (latin for 'small') in reference to the small virion size, plus the prefix 'bi' (latin for 'two') and the word 'RNA' to indicate the nature of the viral genome. The serendipitous discovery of PBV dates back to 1988 from Brazil, when human fecal samples collected during the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected for routine rotavirus surveillance by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver straining (S/S). The PAGE gels after silver staining showed a typical 'two RNA band' pattern, and it was identified as Picobirnavirus. Likewise, the feces of wild black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) subjected for PAGE assay by the same research group in Brazil reported the presence of PBV (Pereira et al., J Gen Virol 69:2749-2754. PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The probable role of PBV as either a 'primary diarrhoeal agent' in 'immunocompetent children'; or a 'potential pathogen' in 'immunocompromised individuals' or an 'innocuous virus' in the intestine remains elusive and needs to be investigated despite the numerous reports of the presence of PBV in fecal samples of various species of domestic mammals, wild animals, birds and snakes; our current knowledge of their biology, etiology, pathogenicity or their transmission characteristics remains subtle. This review aims to analyse the veterinary and zoonotic aspects of animal Picobirnavirus infections since its discovery.

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“…PBVs were first detected in fecal specimens from humans and rats in 1988 (13,14). Subsequently, the viruses have been detected in fecal samples from pigs (4,11), calves (19), foals (3), rabbits (10), giant anteaters (6), birds (9), dogs and snakes (5), and monkeys (20).…”

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Simian Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses: Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Zoonotic Potential

Wang

Bányai

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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We previously reported the first detection of simian picobirnaviruses (PBVs) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in fecal specimens of two monkeys with diarrhea in China. We now report the detection of genogroup I PBVs in 48% (44/92) of the fecal specimens by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and amplicon sequencing using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. Molecular characterization of these 44 strains demonstrated both sequence conservation and diversity among simian PBVs and among simian, porcine, and human PBVs. We further determined full-length sequences of segment 2 of the two simian PBV strains, monkey/CHN-14/2002 and monkey/CHN-49/2002, and demonstrated 52.5% to 54.2% nucleotide sequence similarity to the corresponding gene of the bovine strain RUBV and the prototype human strain 1-CHN-97 of genogroup I PBVs and an even lower similarity (38.4%) to segment 2 of the prototype human genogroup II strain 4-GA-91. Further studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PBVs in animals and humans. P icobirnaviruses (PBVs) belong to the family Picobirnaviridae. They are small, nonenveloped viruses that are 35 nm in diameter and consist of a simple capsid with an indistinct surface structure (14). PBVs possess a bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. The large genome segment (segment 1) is 2.3 to 2.6 kb in size and encodes the capsid protein and a polypeptide of unknown function. The small genome segment (segment 2) is 1.5 to 1.9 kb and encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP). Based on the sequences of the small segment, PBVs are classified into genogroup I (prototype strain, 1-CHN-97) and II (prototype strain, 4-GA-91) (1, 15).PBVs were first detected in fecal specimens from humans and rats in 1988 (13, 14). Subsequently, the viruses have been detected in fecal samples from pigs (4, 11), calves (19), foals (3), rabbits (10), giant anteaters (6), birds (9), dogs and snakes (5), and monkeys (20). Since PBVs have been found in humans and animals with diarrhea and in healthy people and animals (12, 21) and in samples with or without the presence of other known enteric pathogens, the role of PBVs in gastroenteritis has not been established. PBVs have been commonly identified by the characteristic migration profiles of the bisegmented dsRNA by the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver staining. However, this method is relatively insensitive and time-consuming. The availability of a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) greatly improved the sensitivity of PBV detection using two pairs of primers specific to segment 2 sequences (15). Amplification with these primers gave an amplicon of 201 to 207 bp for genogroup I and ϳ369 bp for genogroup II PBVs. Sequence analysis of the shorter amplicons has enabled us to perform molecular characterization and demonstrate extensive genetic diversity of PBVs within and across mammalian and avian species in geographic locations worldwide. However, the limited partial-sequence data and th...

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Novel Viruses in Human Faeces

Cited by 95 publications

References 2 publications

Segmented double-stranded genomic RNA viruses in fecal samples from broiler chicken

Segmented double-stranded genomic RNA viruses in fecal samples from broiler chicken

Animal Picobirnavirus

Simian Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses: Prevalence, Genetic Diversity, and Zoonotic Potential

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