Novel Treatments in Lupus

Vukelic, Milena; Li, Yang; Kyttaris, Vasileios C.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02658

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…IFNA2 is primarily produced by dendritic cells (38). This cytokine is targeted as a treatment for the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (39). Exposure to INFA2 has been linked to causing edema and been shown to induce the production of cytokine IL-7 (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

et al. 2020

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“…During the active stage of SLE, CD40L is abnormally overexpressed by CD4 + T and CD8 + T cells. [ 31 ] Preclinical studies showed that transgenic mice ectopically expressing CD40L on B cells developed lupus-like disease. Meanwhile, lupus-prone NZB/W mice delayed the onset of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IKZF1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility, cytokine levels, and clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2020

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Ikaros family zinc finger 1(IKZF1) encodes a lymphoid-restricted zinc finger transcription factor named Ikaros that regulates lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation as well as self-tolerance. Increasing evidence indicates that IKZF1 could contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Recent research has provided evidence that IKZF1 might correlate with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but no clear definition has been made yet. In this study, we focus on the relationship between IKZF1 polymorphisms and SLE susceptibility, cytokine levels, and clinical characteristics in the Chinese Han population. One thousand seventy-six subjects, including 400 SLE patients and 676 healthy controls, were included in this study. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms within IKZF1 containing rs4917014, rs11980379, and rs4132601 were genotyped in all subjects by an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique. 143 subjects from SLE patients were randomly selected for testing the levels of serum cytokines. The clinical characteristics of SLE patients were gathered and collated from medical records. The data were analyzed mainly using SPSS20.0 (SPSS lnc., Chicago, IL). Significant relationships were observed between rs4132601 and SLE susceptibility, CD40 ligand, and malar rash ( P < .001, P = .04, and P = .01, respectively). In addition, significant relationships were observed between rs4917014 and susceptibility, granzyme B level, and hematological disorder in SLE ( P = .005, P = .03 and P = .005, respectively). The results further support that IKZF1 may have an important role in the development and pathogenesis of SLE. Allele G of rs4132601 and rs4917014 is related to a decreased risk of SLE occurrence and associated with clinical features in SLE patients, including CD40 ligand level, granzyme B level, malar rash, and hematological disorder, which play important roles in disease progression.

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“…Treatment for SLE may include a combination of antimalarials with a glucocorticoid such as prednisone (64). In the context of COVID-19, steroid use as a prophylaxis or treatment has been controversial through several conflicting studies.…”

Section: Glucocorticoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-2 agonists have great potential in T cell manipulation, as they have a strong ability to redirect the host immune system towards tolerance by the upregulation of Tregs (64). In several clinical trials in SLE patients (66,67), low-dose IL-2 therapy was shown to have strong potential of expanding Treg populations (68).…”

Section: Il-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally in 2017, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL6 receptor antibody, for the treatment of cytokine release syndrome (69). Recent studies on the use of tocilizumab as a therapy for COVID-19 disease have had mixed results, although this drug has been used frequently in acute care settings as a therapy for the COVID-19 cytokine storm (64,68).…”

Section: Il-6 Antagonistmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

Spihlman

Gadi

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus has caused the COVID-19 pandemic with over 35 million cases and over a million deaths worldwide as of early October 2020. The populations most affected are the elderly and especially those with underlying comorbidities. In terms of race and ethnicity, black and hispanic populations are affected at disproportionately higher rates. Individuals with underlying conditions that cause an immune-compromised state are considered vulnerable to this infection. The immune response is an important determinant in viral infections including coronaviruses, not only in the antiviral defense but also in the disease progression, severity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease which also disproportionately afflicts black and hispanic populations. In lupus patients, an aberrant immune response is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies, lymphopenia, aberrant T cells, and proinflammatory cytokines along with defective regulatory mechanisms, leading to immune-mediated damage to tissues. Lupus patients are often treated with immune-suppressants and therefore are immunecompromised and more susceptible to infections and may be vulnerable to coronavirus infection. While the anti-viral immune response is important to protect from coronavirus infection, an uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine response can lead to cytokine storm which causes damage to the lungs and other organs, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Better understanding of the underlying immune response and therapeutic strategies in lupus and COVID-19 is important to guide management of this deadly infectious disease in the context of lupus and vice-versa.

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Novel Treatments in Lupus

Cited by 40 publications

References 109 publications

Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Expression of Cytokines and Chemokines as Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke

IKZF1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility, cytokine levels, and clinical features in systemic lupus erythematosus

COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Immune Response and Therapeutics

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