Novel travelling wave directional pilot protection for VSC‐HVDC transmission line

Wang, Dong; Yu, Dingling; Yang, Huajun; Hou, Mengqian; Guo, Yifei

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.0394

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since there is no fault in MMC1-side AC system, ( 25) is still satisfied. Combining (23), (25) and (27), the actual value of DC line voltage can be calculated…”

Section: External DC Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…wileyonlinelibrary.com/iet-gtd 2573 FIGURE 1 The topology of a four-terminal MMC-based DC grid. MMC, modular multi-level converter capacitance of line [22,23]. However, this method has problems such as high requirement for communication transmission, poor sensitivity in the case of high resistance fault, difficult wave head detection, and limited anti-interference capability etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilot travelling wave protection uses information such as the direction and amplitude of fault transient travelling wave to form the protection criterion. It is capable of fast operation and is not affected by the distributed capacitance of line [22, 23]. However, this method has problems such as high requirement for communication transmission, poor sensitivity in the case of high resistance fault, difficult wave head detection, and limited anti‐interference capability etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

Xiao

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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Concerning the incorrect operation of line protection in modular multi-level converterbased multi-terminal DC system, a pilot protection method based on voltage matching factor is proposed. First, the dynamic switching process of flexible DC converter submodule is analyzed, and the expression of DC voltage of converter station considering the influence of alternating current (AC) system is derived. On this basis, the model of DC line voltage considering the influence of AC injection current is built, and the equivalent DC line voltage is calculated according to the voltage model. Then, by constructing the distortion factor which reflects the difference between the equivalent DC line voltage and actual DC line voltage, the protection criterion for the identification of internal and external faults is established. Finally, simulation tests on real time laboratory (RT-LAB) platform verify that the proposed scheme can correctly distinguish between internal and external faults in different fault cases, with fast operation speed and strong immunity to the fault resistance.

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“…Since there is no fault in MMC1-side AC system, ( 25) is still satisfied. Combining (23), (25) and (27), the actual value of DC line voltage can be calculated…”

Section: External DC Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

Xiao

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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“…Faults in a two-terminal DC system can be detected by using the travelling wave diferential current [3]. While calculating the instantaneous power, integral value of the traveling wave has been recognized by some scholars as a fault detection technique [4]; its application in longdistance UHVDC systems is impractical due to the strict data requirements. Te authors of [5] theoretically analysed the features of the diferences in the reactive energy of transmission lines during internal and external faults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Identification of UHVDC Transmission Based on DF-AD and Ensemble Learning

Zhao,

Yang,

Han

et al. 2024

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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High-resistance ground faults are difficult to detect with existing ultrahigh voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission fault detection systems because of their low sensitivity. To address this challenge, a straightforward mathematical method has been proposed for fault detection in UHVDC system based on the downsampling factor (DF) and approximation derivatives (AD). The signals at multiple sampling frequencies were analysed using the DF, and the AD approach was used to generate various levels of detail and approximation coefficients. Initially, the signals were processed with different DF values. The first, second, and third order derivatives of the generated signals were calculated by the AD method. Next, the entropy features of these signals were computed, and the Random Forest-Recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RF-RFECV) algorithm was used to select a high-quality feature subset. Finally, an ensemble classifier consisting of Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers was utilized to identify UHVDC faults. The MATLAB/Simulink simulation software was used to develop a ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line model and perform simulation experiments with various fault locations and types. Based on the experiments, it has been established that the suggested approach is highly precise in detecting several faults on UHVDC transmission lines. The method is capable of accurately identifying low or high resistance faults, irrespective of their incidence, and is remarkably resistant to transitional resistance. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent performance in identifying faults using a small sample size and is highly reliable.

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“…High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems offer attractive advantages over high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission systems for long-distance and bulk power transmission [1], [2], [3]. India is expected to produce 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Relay Algorithm for Detection and Classification of Transmission Line Faults in Monopolar HVDC Transmission System Using Signum Function of Transient Energy

Deb,

Lata,

Bhadoria

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Based on the signum function (sign of magnitudes) of transient energy, this paper proposes a fault classification approach and algorithm for a monopolar HVDC system. The analytical study here shows that the signum function of variation in transient energy has a zero value individually at both ends on no-fault conditions. Moreover, the summation of the signum functions computed for internal DC faults is zero, whereas the same has a non-zero value for external AC faults. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been extensively evaluated by simulating faults on a CIGRE benchmark system for HVDC monopolar configuration using EMTDC/PSCAD software. Three locations of DC line fault, and AC fault at the two ends of the system have been considered for this evaluation. Five fault resistance values (0, 10, 100, 1000, and 2000 ohms) have been simulated for each fault location. The results conform with the theoretical analysis, and the fault classification by the algorithm is 100% accurate. The time taken to detect and classify a DC fault at the mid-point of the 800-km line is 1.5 ms, and that for line-end faults on the DC line is 3 ms for all values of fault resistance. These results show a marked improvement over those reported earlier in the literature using other techniques. A comparison table is given in the last section to corroborate it.

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Novel travelling wave directional pilot protection for VSC‐HVDC transmission line

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

A new pilot protection scheme for modular multi‐level converter‐based HVDC system based on voltage matching factor

Fault Identification of UHVDC Transmission Based on DF-AD and Ensemble Learning

Improved Relay Algorithm for Detection and Classification of Transmission Line Faults in Monopolar HVDC Transmission System Using Signum Function of Transient Energy

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