We fabricated a new series of transparent ceramics based on (1-x)LaAlO 3 -xSr(Al 0.5 Ta 0.5 )O 3 solid solution. These transparent ceramics were obtained by a conventional solid-state reaction, and the crystal structure and its optical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the ceramics revealed a cubic perovskite structure with a higher Sr (Al 0.5 Ta 0.5 )O 3 content (Pm-3m for x = 0.4-0.6 and Fm-3m for x = 0.7-1.0), whereas the ceramics contained rhombohedral perovskite phase at x = 0.0-0.3. However, the Raman scattering study revealed that an Fm-3m ordered structure was contained above x = 0.2. High transmittance was obtained at the cubic composition (x = 0.4-1.0), and was particularly high at x = 0.5-0.7. It was demonstrated that these transparent ceramics had both a high refractive index and a high Abbe number (low dispersion). The Abbe number of the x = 0.5 composition, 37.8, was higher than that of Ba(Mg,Ta)O 3 system transparent ceramics (~30).