“…A multitude of different carbon nanostructured materials have been discovered over the past 30 years CNTs, graphene and 3D-C were synthesized in 1991 [29], 2004 [30] and 2011 [31] respectively. The high thermal conductivity (200 -5000W•m -1 •K -1 ) [22,23] and low electrical resistance (2 -2200Ω) [33-35, 81, 86, 92, 94, 102, 103] of these carbon nanostructured materials sparked much interest and research on their potential in multiple applications, such as conducting films, conducting fillers, transistors, energy storage, adsorption, photocatalysts, membranes, electrodes, biotechnology and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields [26,[104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114]. These carbon nanostructured materials also have a low fabricable material thickness (micrometer to nanometer), indicating a large surface contact area with their surrounding medium.…”