Novel thermally and mechanically stable hydrogel for enzyme immobilization of penicillin G acylase via covalent technique

Abstract

j-Carrageenan hydrogel crosslinked with protonated polyethyleneimine (PEI 1 ) and glutaraldehyde (GA) was prepared and evaluated as a novel biocatalytic support for covalent immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA). The method of modification of the carrageenan biopolymer is clearly illustrated using a schematic diagram and was verified by FTIR, elemental analysis, DSC, and INS-TRON using the compression mode. Results showed that the gels' mechanical strength was greatly enhanced from 3.9 kg/cm 2 to 16.8 kg/cm 2 with an outstanding improvement in the gels thermal stability. It was proven that, the control gels were completely dissolved at 358C, whereas the modified gels remained intact at 908C. The DSC thermogram revealed a shift in the endothermic band of water from 62 to 938C showing more gel-crosslinking. FTIR revealed the presence of the new functionality, aldehydic carbonyl group, at 1710 cm 21 for covalent PGA immobilization. PGA was successfully immobilized as a model industrial enzyme retaining 71% of its activity. The enzyme loading increased from 2.2 U/g (control gel) to 10 U/g using the covalent technique. The operational stability showed no loss of activity after 20 cycles. The present support could be a good candidate for the immobilization of industrial enzymes rich in amino groups, especially the thermophilic ones.

Review Article: Immobilized Molecules Using Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology

“…However, expensive enzymes are not favored to be used in industries in the Free State as they are difficult to be separated from the products (Figure 1(a)) and consequently are lost after the first use. They were alternatively immobilized on solid supports (Figure 1(b)) so that they can be easily separated from the products by simple filtration or using a fluidized magnetized bed reactor system [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…The most widely studied system is the production of penicillin G using immobilized cells of Penicillium chrysogenum [4]. In a recent study by Elnashar et al, they were successful to covalently immobilize pencillin G acylase on carrageenan modified gels with retention of 100% activity after 20 reuses [9]. procedures In addition to the above applications, we will focus the light on some important applications as solving the problem of lactose Intolerant people, production of fructose for diabetics and for people on diet regimen, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and joint diseases.…”

The Art of Immobilization Using Biopolymers, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology

“…They were alternatively immobilized on solid supports (Fig. 1b) so that they can be easily separated from the products by simple filtration or using a fluidized magnetized bed reactor system (Danial et al, 2010, Elnashar, 2010aElnashar et al, 2008Elnashar et al, , 2009aElnashar et al, , 2009bYassin 2009a, 2009b;Mansour et al, 2007).…”

“…The most widely studied system is the production of penicillin G using immobilized cells of Penicillium chrysogenum (Ogaki et al, 1983). In a recent study by Elnashar et al, they were successful to covalently immobilize pencillin G acylase on carrageenan modified gels with retention of 100% activity after 20 reuses (Elnashar et al, 2008). Penicillin Variant H -6-Amino-penicillanic acid (6-APA)…”

A Comparison of Palladium Sorption Using Polyethylenimine Impregnated Alginate-Based and Carrageenan-Based Algal Beads

“…This is probably because some of the negatively charged sulfate ester reacted with the positively charged amine groups on PEI and this resulted in physicochemical changes of carrageenan. Indeed, a previous study [16] showed that protonated amine groups of PEI interact with sulfate groups of κ-carrageenan (κC), enabling the formation of the PEI-κC polyelectrolyte complex.…”