Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections

Černáková, Lucia; Light, Caitlin J.; Salehi, Bahare; Rogel-Castillo, Cristian; Victoriano, Montserrat; Martorell, Miquel; Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Martins, Natália; Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna

doi:10.1007/5584_2019_400

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…Candida spp. has been reported as the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide [ 5 ]. By studying the growing problem of antimicrobial drug resistance, the antimicrobial properties of EOs could be a valuable resource.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other Candida species, such as C. krusei and C. parapsilosis , Cryptococcus neoformans and other uncommon yeasts, usually found in the environment and as skin or mucosal colonizers in humans, are emerging as opportunistic pathogens [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Particularly, C. krusei is responsible for invasive fungal infections in patients with severely compromised immunity undergoing bone marrow or stem-cell transplantation and in patients with malignant hematological disease [ 4 , 5 ]. C. parapsilosis is currently one of the leading species of catheter-related candidemia and fungal infections in neonates and patients in intensive care units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Inhibition of Non-albicans Candida Species and Uncommon Yeast Pathogens by Selected Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds

et al. 2021

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The epidemiology of yeast infections and resistance to available antifungal drugs are rapidly increasing, and non-albicans Candida species and rare yeast species are increasingly emerging as major opportunistic pathogens. In order to identify new strategies to counter the threat of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, essential oils (EOs) have become an important potential in the treatment of fungal infections. EOs and their bioactive pure compounds have been found to exhibit a wide range of remarkable biological activities. We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of nine commercial EOs such as Thymus vulgaris (thyme red), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Lavandula vera (lavender), Pinus sylvestris (pine), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), Salvia officinalis (sage), Eugenia caryophyllata (clove) and Pelargonium asperum (geranium), and some of their main components (α-pinene, carvacrol, citronellal, eugenol, γ-terpinene, linalool, linalylacetate, terpinen-4-ol, thymol) against non-albicans Candida strains and uncommon yeasts. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS, and their antifungal properties were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration parameters, in accordance with CLSI guidelines, with some modifications for EOs. Pine exhibited strong antifungal activity against the selected non-albicans Candida isolates and uncommon yeasts. In addition, lemon balm EOs and α-pinene exhibited strong antifungal activity against the selected non-albicans Candida yeasts. Thymol inhibited the growth of all uncommon yeasts. These data showed a promising potential application of EOs as natural adjuvant for management of infections by emerging non-albicans Candida species and uncommon pathogenic yeasts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibition of Non-albicans Candida Species and Uncommon Yeast Pathogens by Selected Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds

et al. 2021

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“…To boost the current antifungal therapies and limit the appearance of more drug‐resistant strains, plant‐derived active molecules are the most suitable and safest candidate for novel antifungal molecules (Černáková et al . 2019). The antimicrobial activity of EPTL was previously reported in Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus , including MRSA strain and C. albicans (Safaei‐Ghomi and Ahd 2010; Mulyaningsih et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights into Candida biofilm eradication potential of eucalyptol

Gupta

Pruthi

Poluri

2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aim Candida‐associated fungal infections are prevalent in hospitalized and immune‐compromised patients. Their biofilm architecture and high rate of antifungal resistance make treatment challenging. Eucalyptol (EPTL), a monoterpene majorly present in the essential oil of eucalyptus is well known for curing respiratory infections. Hence, the present study investigated the anti‐biofilm efficacy of EPTL against the laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Candida to delineate its mode of action. Methods The effect of EPTL on the viability, biofilm formation, and mature biofilm of Candida strains was studied. Furthermore, its effect on cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS generation, germ tube formation, ergosterol content and transcriptional expression of selected genes was also investigated. Results EPTL exhibited anti‐biofilm activity against mature and developing biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata along with their clinical isolates. The biochemical components and enzyme activity were differentially modulated in EPTL‐treated biofilm extracellular matrix. EPTL generated ROS and arrested cell cycle at the G1/S phase in both the species, while altered MMP was recorded in C. glabrata. Transcriptional analysis evidenced for differential gene expression of selected ABC transporters, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and cell wall biogenesis in C. albicans/C. glabrata upon treating with EPTL. Conclusion The current data on anti‐biofilm activity of EPTL establish its candidacy for drug development or as an adjuvant with existing antifungal formulations. Significance and Impact of the Study Present investigation elucidates the mode of action of Eucalyptol as antifungal agent and would stand as a candidate for management of topical fungal infection.

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“…The development of Candida spp. biofilms is one of the main reasons that fungal cells exhibit resistance to antifungals (Davies, 2003;Rodrigues et al, 2016;Cernakova et al, 2019;. Thus, treatment of infections derived from biofilms represents an important challenge today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Postbiotic Activity of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 Against Candida auris

Rossoni

Barros

Mendonça

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Candida auris has emerged as a medically important pathogen with considerable resistance to antifungal agents. The ability to produce biofilms is an important pathogenicity feature of this species that aids escape of host immune responses and antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to verify antifungal action using in vitro and in vivo models of the Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 probiotic cells and postbiotic activity of crude extract (LPCE) and fraction 1 (LPF1), derived from L. paracasei 28.4 supernatant. Both live cells and cells free supernatant of L. paracasei 28.4 inhibited C. auris suggesting probiotic and postbiotic effects. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for LPCE was 15 mg/mL and ranges from 3.75 to 7.5 mg/mL for LPF1. Killing kinetics determined that after 24 h treatment with LPCE or LPF1 there was a complete reduction of viable C. auris cells compared to fluconazole, which decreased the initial inoculum by 1-logCFU during the same time period. LPCE and LPF1 significantly reduced the biomass ( p = 0.0001) and the metabolic activity ( p = 0.0001) of C. auris biofilm. There was also a total reduction (~10 8 CFU/mL) in viability of persister C. auris cells after treatment with postbiotic elements ( p < 0.0001). In an in vivo study, injection of LPCE and LPF1 into G. mellonella larvae infected with C. auris prolonged survival of these insects compared to a control group ( p < 0.05) and elicited immune responses by increasing the number of circulating hemocytes and gene expression of antimicrobial peptide galiomicin. We concluded that the L. paracasei 28.4 cells and postbiotic elements (LPCE and LPF1) have antifungal activity against planktonic cells, biofilms, and persister cells of C. auris . Postbiotic supplementation derived from L. paracasei 28.4 protected G. mellonella infected with C. auris and enhanced its immune status indicating a dual function in modulating a host immune response.

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Novel Therapies for Biofilm-Based Candida spp. Infections

Cited by 28 publications

References 284 publications

The Inhibition of Non-albicans Candida Species and Uncommon Yeast Pathogens by Selected Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds

The Inhibition of Non-albicans Candida Species and Uncommon Yeast Pathogens by Selected Essential Oils and Their Major Compounds

Mechanistic insights into Candida biofilm eradication potential of eucalyptol

The Postbiotic Activity of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 Against Candida auris

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