Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature

Bajrovic, Irnela; Schafer, Stephen C.; Romanovicz, Dwight K.; Croyle, Maria A.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau4819

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Effective vaccination campaigns also require access to health care professionals (HCP), which is challenging in resourcepoor or densely populated developing countries under normal circumstances but presents a greater challenge during a global pandemic where the health care system is already strained or breaking. Recently, modern alternatives to such distribution and access challenges have come to light, such as single-dose slow-release implants, film-based vaccines 94 , and microneedle-based patches that could reduce reliance on the cold chain and ensure vaccination even in situations where qualified HCP are rare or in high demand. Microneedle-based patches could even be self-administered, which would dramatically hasten roll-out and dissemination of such vaccines as well as reduce the burden on the healthcare system.…”

Section: Focus |mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

et al. 2020

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, a novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) belonging to the betacoronavirus family emerged 1,2. All human betacoronaviruses are unique from one another, however, they do share a certain degree of genetic and structural homology. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence homology with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV is 77% and 50%, respectively 3. In contrast to the relatively smaller outbreaks of SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012, SARS-CoV-2 is exhibiting an unprecedented scale of infection, resulting in a global pandemic declaration of Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). On 1 June 2020, the World Health Organization reported >6 million confirmed cases and 371 thousand deaths globally. Of note, during the 1918 influenza pandemic, more death was observed in the second phase of outbreak 4. Similar to influenza, COVID-19 harbours the potential to become a seasonal disease 5. The high infection rate, long incubation period, along with mild-to-moderate symptoms experienced by many, make COVID-19 a troubling disease. A vaccine is crucial, in particular because data indicate asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 6-8. More than 10 years ago, scientists predicted the pandemic potential of the coronaviruses 9. And for the past 30 years, a once-per-decade novel coronavirus has pushed our public health system to the limit, with SARS-CoV-2 being the most severe. Despite the repeated warnings and discussion, the world was not prepared for this pandemic. The rapid development, distribution and administration of a vaccine to the global population is the most effective approach to quell this pandemic and the only one that will lead to a complete lifting of restrictions. Challenges include the vaccine design itself, but also its manufacture and global distribution; cold chain requirements present logistical and fiscal barriers to the availability of important, life-saving vaccines in resource-poor areas of the world. Innovating vaccine delivery platforms and devices to break cold chain limitations are therefore an efficient solution to safeguard potent vaccination for both wealthy and lower-income countries.

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Section: Focus |mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

et al. 2020

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“…Researchers are looking into different alternatives for cold-chain, where, vaccine can be stabilized at ambient temperature, such as in the form of thin film. [5] The future of vaccine storage and distribution rely heavily on the advancement in the processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The death as a result of viral infection is less than 10% of total in high-income countries. [5] However, the vaccine demand and supply chain in developing countries is not adequate for various reasons, that includes delicate health care systems, improper policies, conflict resolution, poor management of program, financing issues, inappropriate supply chain, and inadequate transportation and distribution system across the remote locations around the world. [6] All these issues contribute to the delay in the distribution of emergency vaccines and therapeutics against diseases such as Ebola, Rotavirus and so on.…”

Section: New and Improvised Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drying of Vaccines and Biomolecules

2020

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Vaccines are the most important life-saving prophylactic medicines administered in maintaining global health. In a pandemic situation, the manufacturing, formulation followed by preservation of vaccine are challenging areas of concern looking at the dire need of administering it to several billion people on the planet in a pandemic like situation. An important area of major concern is the potential loss of vaccine activity during storage and transportation. Scientists have developed several innovative ideas to store vaccines for a longer period of time. This article focuses on a critical overview of various methods of vaccine storage in dry powder form. Conventional vaccine drying processes, such as freeze drying under different conditions, spray drying along with the upcoming novel technologies such as spray freeze drying are described in detail for the application in vaccine drying. Some other emerging methods, such as, microwave freeze drying and atmospheric freeze drying techniques are also discussed; these could be the game changers in the future. Several drying techniques make use of protective agents during the process of drying and storage. This review also highlights a comparative study of various technological challenges in drying of vaccines in support of the current global health scenario affected by COVID19.

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“…Optimization of the manufacturing process could be started simultaneously, and some novel technologies could be employed, particularly regarding storage and distribution of live vaccines at ambient temperature. 35 Similarly, the people involved in phase two and phase three clinical trials could be selected from those of great risk to be infected naturally. Under the current severe pandemic situation, it is moral in ethics to recruit enough people to participate in the trials.…”

Section: The Required Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID‐19 pandemic: History and mechanism

Chen

Chen²

2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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The whole world has entered a terrible crisis with a huge and increasing amount of human deaths and economic loss in fighting the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2. The live pathogen vaccine (LPV) strategy, which originated in ancient China for fighting smallpox, has been applied successfully in the USA military recruits for decades to control acute respiratory diseases caused by types 4 and 7 adenoviruses. This strategy has also been widely employed in veterinary medicine. These facts suggest a fast way out of the current pandemic crisis, namely that SARS-CoV-2 could be directly used as a live vaccine. Beyond the two traditional mechanisms to guarantee the LPV's safety (SARS-CoV-2 is not highly pathogenic; the LPV is inoculated bypassing the respiratory sites of pathology), three novel mechanisms to further ensure the LPV's safety are available (the virus replication is inhibited with early use of an antiviral drug; symptomatic LPV recipients are cured with convalescent plasma; the LPV is inoculated in hot seasons). This LPV strategy has multiple potential advantages over other options, and could reduce This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Accepted Articlegreatly the morbidity and mortality as well as economic loss caused by the pandemic. The safety and efficacy of this strategy should be investigated strictly using animal experiments and clinical trials, and even if the experiments and trials all support the strategy, it should be implemented with enough cautiousness. Highlights The world has entered a terrible crisis in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic  Live pathogen vaccines (LPV) defeated infectious disease caused by adenoviruses  The LPV strategy has been widely employed in veterinary medicine  The LPV strategy could be a way out of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis  Five mechanisms can be employed to ensure the safety of the LPV of SARS-CoV-2  The LPV strategy should be examined with animal experiments and clinical trials

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Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature

Cited by 61 publications

References 53 publications

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward

Drying of Vaccines and Biomolecules

Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID‐19 pandemic: History and mechanism

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