Novel T-C@AgNPs mediated biocidal mechanism against biofilm associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Bap-MRSA) 090, cytotoxicity and its molecular docking studies

Abstract

is a commonly found pathogen that can cause food-spoilage and life threatening infections. However, the potential molecular effects of natural active thymol molecules and chitosan silver nanoparticles (C@AgNPs) in bacteria remain unclear. This gap in the literature has prompted us to study the effects of thymol loaded chitosan silver nanoparticles (T-C@AgNPs) against biofilm associated proteins in methicillin-resistant (Bap-MRSA) 090 and also their toxicity, anti-cancer activity, and validation of their molecular docking. The results showed excellent antibacterial activity of T-C@AgNPs against Bap-MRSA 090, having a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg mL and a 10.08 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI). The cyclic voltammogram (CV) analysis clearly showed pore forming of T-C@AgNPs at 300 μg mL concentration, and evidence of the interruption of the electron transport chain was clearly seen. The 200 μg mL concentration exhibited a 52.60 ± 0.25% anti-biofilm property by T-C@AgNPs against Bap-MRSA 090. The T-C@AgNPs showed no toxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (IC = 221 ± 0.71 μg mL) compared to the control, and anti-cancer activity against human triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) (IC 110 ± 1.0 μg mL) compared to the standard drug Doxorubicin (IC = 19 ± 1.0). The excellent properties of T-C@AgNPs were validated by molecular docking studies and showed best match scoring to target proteins compared to standards. These excellent properties of T-C@AgNPs highlight for the first time its pharmacology and potential in medicinal drug development applications for future research.

Development of piperazine-1-carbothioamide chitosan silver nanoparticles (P1C-Tit*CAgNPs) as a promising anti-inflammatory candidate: a molecular docking validation

“…This confirmed that, the designed compound was specific to the PLA2 which intern suggests the route for synthesis of target drug. [33][34][35][36] The designed compound 3 (P1C) and P1C-Tit*CAgNPs also showed moderate anticancer properties without affecting the normal physiology, and their inhibitory effects on the inflammatory progression were validated in this study.…”

<p>Recent advances in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> infection: focus on vaccine development</p>

“…In a recent study, Manukumar et al described the efficacy of thymol-loaded chitosan silver nanoparticles (T-C@AgNPs) against biofilm producing MRSA using disc diffusion method. Using different concentrations of T-C@AgNPs from 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 250 μg/mL and comparing the concentration that produced 10.08±0.06 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) with the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (10 μg) that had 10.95±0.08 mm ZOI, a dose-dependent biocidal and anti-biofilm activity was found 86. Another recent study also described the antibacterial activity of benzodioxane midst piperazine decorated chitosan silver nanoparticles (BP*C@AgNPs).…”

<p>Multilayered composite coatings of titanium dioxide nanotubes decorated with zinc oxide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: controlled release of Zn and antimicrobial properties against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></p>

“…Their solubility and biological reactivity have restricted their applications to simple disinfectants in the past, but now nanoparticulate forms of these metals are available. Of these metals, silver nanoparticles are arguably the strongest biocide with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 3.25 mg/L to Streptcoccus mutans 19 and silver nanoparticles are also toxic to S. aureus when silver is presented as a filler in chitosan20,21 or a coating on medical grade titanium alloy 22…”