Novel system for pulse radiolysis with multi-angle light scattering detection (PR-MALLS) – concept, construction and first tests

Kadłubowski, Sławomir; Sawicki, Piotr; Sowinski, S.; Rokita, Bożena; Bures, K. D.; Rosiak, Janusz M.; Ulański, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.04.010

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thanks to this technique, thousands of rate constants of fast chemical reactions have been determined, and the radiation chemistry of many important compounds, including biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, has been described. Classical pulse radiolysis with spectrophotometric detection is also very useful in studying the free radical chemistry of polymers; however, for investigating some specific aspects of polymer systems, e.g., reactions leading to changes in molecular weight and molecular dimensions, pulse radiolysis with other detection techniques such as conductivity [86][87][88] and light scattering [89][90][91][92], has proven to be valuable. While radiation synthesis of nanogels can be performed on various experimental setups, including an industrial electron beam processing line, for small to medium scale synthesis a system similar to those used for pulse radiolysis has proven to be very useful.…”

Section: Pulse Radiolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mechanism and Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer Nanogels by Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intramolecular Crosslinking of Macromolecules

Ashfaq

Ulański

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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Nanogels—internally crosslinked macromolecules—have a growing palette of potential applications, including as drug, gene or radioisotope nanocarriers and as in vivo signaling molecules in modern diagnostics and therapy. This has triggered considerable interest in developing new methods for their synthesis. The procedure based on intramolecular crosslinking of polymer radicals generated by pulses of ionizing radiation has many advantages. The substrates needed are usually simple biocompatible polymers and water. This eliminates the use of monomers, chemical crosslinking agents, initiators, surfactants, etc., thus limiting potential problems with the biocompatibility of products. This review summarizes the basics of this method, providing background information on relevant aspects of polymer solution thermodynamics, radiolysis of aqueous solutions, generation and reactions of polymer radicals, and the non-trivial kinetics and mechanism of crosslinking, focusing on the main factors influencing the outcomes of the radiation synthesis of nanogels: molecular weight of the starting polymer, its concentration, irradiation mode, absorbed dose of ionizing radiation and temperature. The most important techniques used to perform the synthesis, to study the kinetics and mechanism of the involved reactions, and to assess the physicochemical properties of the formed nanogels are presented. Two select important cases, the synthesis of nanogels based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), are discussed in more detail. Examples of recent application studies on radiation-synthesized PVP and PAA nanogels in transporting drugs across the blood–brain barrier and as targeted radioisotope carriers in nanoradiotherapy are briefly described.

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Section: Pulse Radiolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mechanism and Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer Nanogels by Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intramolecular Crosslinking of Macromolecules

Ashfaq

Ulański

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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“…Both LFP and PR may operate with various detections systems, such as ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) or infrared (IR) spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, conductometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), light scattering (LS), etc. [14,16,17]. Moreover, they can use transient digitizer or pump(pulse)-probe data collection systems [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent upgrading of the nanosecond pulse radiolysis setup and construction of laser flash photolysis setup at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland

Szreder

2022

Nukleonika

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Modification of pulse radiolysis (PR) setup and construction of a new laser flash photolysis (LFP) setup at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (INCT) is described. Both techniques are dedicated to studying fast reactions in real time by direct observation of transients. Time resolution of the PR setup at INCT was ~11 ns, limited by the duration of the electron pulse. Implementation of a new spectrophotometric detection system resulted in a significant broadening of experimental spectral range with respect to the previous setup. Noticeable reduction of the noise-to-signal ratio was also achieved. The LFP system was built from scratch. Its time resolution was ~6 ns, limited by the duration of a laser pulse. LFP and PR were purposely designed to share the same hardware and software solutions. Therefore, components of the detection systems can be transferred between both setups, significantly lowering the costs and shortening the construction/upgrading time. Opened architecture and improved experimental flexibility of both techniques were accomplished by implementation of Ethernet transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication core and newly designed software. This is one of the most important enhancements. As a result, new experimental modes are available for both techniques, improving the quality and reducing the time of data collections. In addition, both systems are characterized by relatively high redundancy. Currently, implementation of new equipment into the systems hardly ever requires programming. In contrast to the previous setup, daily adaptations of hardware to experimental requirements are possible and relatively easy to perform.

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Novel system for pulse radiolysis with multi-angle light scattering detection (PR-MALLS) – concept, construction and first tests

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

On the Mechanism and Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer Nanogels by Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intramolecular Crosslinking of Macromolecules

On the Mechanism and Kinetics of Synthesizing Polymer Nanogels by Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intramolecular Crosslinking of Macromolecules

Recent upgrading of the nanosecond pulse radiolysis setup and construction of laser flash photolysis setup at the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw, Poland

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