“…In several reports, the distinct lattice stripes could be observed in the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The lattice spacing of 0.328, 0.320, 0.31, 0.330, 0.30, and 0.256 nm corresponded to the planes of Bi 0 (Xian et al, 2022a;Xian et al, 2022b;Tian et al, 2022), Bi 2 O 3 (Tesfay Reda et al, 2022), Bi 2 S 3 (Jiang et al, 2022), BiI 3 (Xian et al, 2022a;Tian et al, 2022), BiOI (Qin et al, 2022), and I 2 (Xian et al, 2022a), respectively. Besides, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were also applied in the analysis of iodine adsorption by bismuth-based materials.…”