Novel sustainable materials from waste plastics: compatibilized blend from discarded bale wrap and plastic bottles

Gupta, Arvind; Misra, Manjusri; Mohanty, Amar K.

doi:10.1039/d1ra00254f

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The incorporation of a compatibilizer in a melt‐process might be useful for improving the effectiveness and enhancement of the properties of rPET/rLDPE blends. Recently, Gupta et al [ 64 ] has demonstrated the blends of rPET and recycled linear low‐density polyethylene (rLLDPE) with linear triblock copolymer of styrene (30%) and SEBS with 1.0–1.7% maleic anhydride grafted onto the rubber midblock (Kraton) as a compatibilizer and styrene–acrylic–glycidyl methacrylate (Joncryl) as a chain extender. It was found that the impact resistance and elongation at break of the developed blend were placed in the range of a packaging material and was also suitable for production of filaments for 3D printing.…”

Section: Blending and Compatibilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Suhaimi

Muhamad

Razak

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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With increasing usage of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes polluting the oceans and environment, the recycling of PET wastes has become a crucial issue to be overcome. In this article, a review of the different technologies that have been developed to recycle PET wastes and common routes for recycled PET (rPET) is presented. The impacts of varied recycling technologies on the properties of rPET are also discussed herein. The review also focuses on the recovered products by each of the technology and their uses that have been reincorporated into new applications for example, from plastic bottle wastes to 3D scaffolds for biomedical application. Different recycling technologies such as reactive extrusion, chemical recycling and dissolution/precipitation exhibit specific properties due to the influence of the different concepts from one technology to another. A new trend called electrospinning of rPET to produce nanofibers has also garnered attention to be used for different applications. This article will first introduce the recycling technologies concept, and then the properties of the recovered product will be discussed and finally, we will focus on the applications of rPET produced from each of the technologies in various fields such as construction, textile, filtration, and biomedical applications.

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Section: Blending and Compatibilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Suhaimi

Muhamad

Razak

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…5c showed the integral surface under the mechanical curve of the mixture, i.e. the tensile strength (τ) calculated according to Equation (7). :…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Microtopographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recycling is a logical choice for plastic waste disposal. However, plastics are contaminated during use, due to presence of additives and mixtures in plastics, and hence performance degradation during recycling process make recycling expensive and unattractive [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced compatibility and toughness of PHBV/PCL blends by ring-opening polymerization and hydrogen bonding of epoxy- terminated hyperbranched polyester

Huang,

Jin,

Tian

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Melt extrusion process was followed in order to improve the high crystallinity and poor toughness of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) blend materials. It was achieved by the incorporation of epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (EHBP) elastomer into PHBV and polycaprolactone (PCL). EHBP cross-links PHBV and PCL through ring-opening polymerization of epoxy-terminated and carboxyl groups. Therefore, when the EHBP content was 3phr, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the blends are increased to 750MPa and 15MPa, respectively, which was comparable to the biodegradable polymers used for packaging. Simultaneously, compatibility between PHBV and PCL has been improved and the particle size reduction of blends can be obviously observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) analysis revealed that PHBV and PCL showed improved compatibility with each other by the addition of EHBP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the decrease of crystallinity of the blend was consistent with the increase in mechanical properties. Additionally, all the bio-blends show good thermal stability. Food overall migration studies showed that the amount of migration of composite materials in contact with food was also far lower than the national standard value. Therefore, PHBV/PCL/EHBP blends are expected to be used in the field of food packaging.

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“…To achieve a uniform phase morphology, the application of compatibilizers and surface treatment of nanoparticles suggested previously in some studies 11,12 is not admired in the latest studies due to dire implications on sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the fabrication process. [13][14][15] To the best of our knowledge, there is no study available based on the combination of non-compatibilized HDPE polymer and non-treated hybrid bentonite nano clay with CaCO 3. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate the influence of non-compatibilized HDPE polymer matrix and non-surface treated hybrid reinforcements (CaCO 3 particles and bentonite nano clay as secondary reinforcements) on the wear and friction behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a uniform phase morphology is paramount for enhanced tribological properties. To achieve a uniform phase morphology, the application of compatibilizers and surface treatment of nanoparticles suggested previously in some studies 11,12 is not admired in the latest studies due to dire implications on sustainability and cost‐effectiveness of the fabrication process 13–15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and morphological properties of bentonite nano‐clay/CaCO₃ reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites

Ahmed,

Ya,

Alam

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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Elastomeric polymers such as high‐density polyethylene, have a variety of desirable features, that have supplanted traditional materials. However, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) shows inadequate wear resistance, which limits its use for industrial applications, particularly in low‐load‐bearing applications such as flexible energy harvesting devices and sensors. The current work is engrossed in investigating the influence of hybrid reinforcements CaCO3 particles and bentonite nano clay as secondary reinforcements in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)‐based composites on the wear and friction properties. The reinforcements were melt compounded with HDPE using a Brabender mixer and sampled using an injection molding machine. The wear test (ASTM G‐99‐04) was performed by a pin‐on‐disk tribo‐tester. In comparison to a base matrix, the synthesized hybrid composite achieved the maximum improvement in wear rate of 93%. The results revealed that there is a significant improvement in wear resistance. Morphological analysis revealed that due to the encapsulation and compatibilization effect of bentonite nano clay the hybrid composite exhibited improved wear performance. The results signify the synergistic effect of filler particles resulted in sufficient bonding for stress transfer due to the encapsulation of CaCO3 by nano clay. The wear mechanism observed optically was abrasion, fatigue, and adhesion wear that changed with the change in the weight percent of nanoparticles. Finally, the prepared composite with enhanced tribological properties such as low wear rate, low friction coefficient, and enhanced morphology can be used in low load‐bearing wear applications such as turbo nanogenerators and piezo nanogenerators.Highlights Bentonite nano clay and CaCO3 dispersed homogeneously in HDPE matrix. Wear resistance of HDPE increases by reinforcing particles (nano‐clay and CaCO3). Micro‐cutting, deformations, and particle husks were the possible wear mechanism. Encapsulation effects the hybrid composite to exhibit improved wear performance.

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Novel sustainable materials from waste plastics: compatibilized blend from discarded bale wrap and plastic bottles

Abstract: This work studies a novel sustainable polymeric material made from a reactive blend of two agri-food waste plastics, with the new material showing strong promise for value-added industrial uses.

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Enhanced compatibility and toughness of PHBV/PCL blends by ring-opening polymerization and hydrogen bonding of epoxy- terminated hyperbranched polyester

Tribological and morphological properties of bentonite nano‐clay/CaCO₃ reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites

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Novel sustainable materials from waste plastics: compatibilized blend from discarded bale wrap and plastic bottles

Abstract: This work studies a novel sustainable polymeric material made from a reactive blend of two agri-food waste plastics, with the new material showing strong promise for value-added industrial uses.

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes: A review of technologies, routes, and applications

Enhanced compatibility and toughness of PHBV/PCL blends by ring-opening polymerization and hydrogen bonding of epoxy- terminated hyperbranched polyester

Tribological and morphological properties of bentonite nano‐clay/CaCO3 reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites

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Tribological and morphological properties of bentonite nano‐clay/CaCO₃ reinforced high‐density polyethylene nanocomposites