Novel sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)/rGONR@TiO2 nanohybrid membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Nanocomposite Membranes for PEM-FCs: Effect of LDH Introduction on the Physic-Chemical Performance of Various Polymer Matrices

“…So over the last few years, many alternative polymeric materials for PEM have been proposed which include sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) [ 12 , 13 ], sulfonated polyether sulfone (sPES) [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] and sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition, many research groups have prepared composite PEMs using organic and inorganic fillers like TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , ZrP, BPO 4 , graphene oxide (GO), and SiO 2 to enhance the properties of proton exchange membranes [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. More recently, innovative nanomaterials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), and MXene also gained increasing attention as promising inorganic fillers [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Sulfonated NbS2-based proton-exchange membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries

“…25 Therefore, it is challenging to find solutions that provide mechanically and chemically stable high-DS SPEEK-based membranes with high σ while maintaining P and MS. 26 For this purpose, many methods have been reported to fabricate nanocomposite membranes 27–31 and modify SPEEK-based PEMs, such as the incorporation of additives ( e.g. , graphene and its derivatives, 32,33 metal oxides, 34–36 and perovskite nanoparticles), 37 the blending with another base polymer ( e.g. , polybenzimidazole), 26 the functionalization with positive ionic groups ( e.g.…”

“…24 By increasing the DS, water uptake (WU) and σ increase, but MS and P can also decrease together with a worsening of the mechanical stability. 25 Therefore, it is challenging to find solutions that provide mechanically and chemically stable high-DS SPEEK-based membranes with high σ while maintaining P and MS. 26 For this purpose, many methods have been reported to fabricate nanocomposite membranes [27][28][29][30][31] and modify SPEEK-based PEMs, such as the incorporation of additives (e.g., graphene and its derivatives, 32,33 metal oxides, [34][35][36] and perovskite nanoparticles), 37 the blending with another base polymer (e.g., polybenzimidazole), 26 the functionalization with positive ionic groups (e.g., amphoteric side chains), 38 the incorporation of cross-linking agents, 39 and the design of multilayer structures. 40 As a striking example of functional additives, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used to develop nanocomposite PEMs due to a plethora of their distinctive thermal, chemical and structural properties.…”

Ultrasonic-Assisted Rapid Preparation of Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) and Its Testing in Adsorption of Cationic Species from Aqueous Solutions

“…In the last decades, SPEEK has attracted great attention as an ionic material for fabricating proton exchange membranes (PEM) for fuel cell applications [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. For instance, Parnian et al [ 14 ] investigated SPEEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation as a proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.…”