Novel strategies to grow natural fibers with improved thermal stability and fire resistance

Zhang, Xi Jin; Fan, Xudong; Han, Chanjuan; Li, Yanjun; Price, Erik J.; Wnek, Gary E.; Liao, Ya-Ting T.; Yu, Xiong

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128729

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Normal fungal activities and growth are inhibited due to the high concentration of Si source. This high concentration of Si source is the absorption threshold for fungi 19 . When fungi feeds on substrate containing Si source above the absorption threshold, the fungal cell wall dissolves and the structure of the fungal fibers becomes unsmooth 19 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This high concentration of Si source is the absorption threshold for fungi 19 . When fungi feeds on substrate containing Si source above the absorption threshold, the fungal cell wall dissolves and the structure of the fungal fibers becomes unsmooth 19 . Both SEM and EDS analyses indicate that 3% Si source is likely the absorption threshold of F. oxysporum .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If the concentration of Si source is too high, the number of lytic enzymes that is produced will dissolve a large proportion of the fungal cell wall. In such a case, the normal activities of fungal cells, such as fungal growth, are inhibited 19 . The inhibiting effect was more obvious in the fungal fibers grown with higher concentration of Si source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies demonstrate that fungal fibers also exhibited exclusive thermal stability and fire resistance. Fungal fibers from Pleurotus ostreatus and Fusarium oxysporum retained an increasing residual weight of 2122% and 2223% at 800 °C respectively when compared with PVA fibers 19 . Additionally, Si-rich nutrition was absorbed by fungi and was incorporated into their fibers’ structure, improving thermal properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Additionally, Si-rich nutrition was absorbed by fungi and was incorporated into their fibers’ structure, improving thermal properties. The post-fire residual weight of F. oxysporum grown with nutrition containing 3% (volume fraction) Si source was improved by 93.81% at 800 °C in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and characterization of novelly grown fire-resistant fungal fibers

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This study conducted a comprehensive characterization and analyses on the fire-resistant behaviors of novel fungal fibers grown with substrate containing Silica (Si) source at multiple scales. At micro-scale, the results of SEM showed that silica affected the physiological activities of fungi, with the extent of effects depending upon its concentration. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra displayed the existence of Si–O–C chemical bonds in fungal fibers grown with Si source, indicating that Si source becomes a part of the structure of fungal fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) of fungal fibers exhibit an early thermal decomposition of non-combustible components, which will potentially help release the thermal stress and mitigation of spalling when used in concrete. Compared with polypropylene (PP) fibers, fungal fibers have a lower thermal degradation rate, a higher residual weight, a lower heat release peak temperature, and less total heat of combustion; all of these indicate improved thermal stability and fire resistance, and a lower rate of function loss in case of a fire. Additionally, the thermal stability and fire resistance of fungal fibers were improved with the increase of Si source concentration in the nutrition medium. For example, addition of 2% Si source in the feeding substrate leads to a 23.21% increase in residual weight in TGA, and a 23.66 W/g decrease in peak heat release rate as well as a 2.44 kJ/g reduction in total heat of combustion in MCC. At laboratory scale, compared with PP fibers, fungal fibers grown with 2% Si source have a higher residual weight of 40.40%, a higher ignition temperature of 200.50 °C, and a declined flame height of 11.64 mm in real fire scenarios. Furthermore, only in the fungal fibers grown with Si source, partial burning occurred. In post-fire conditions, the microstructure of residual char from fungal fibers grown with higher content of Si source became denser, which would lead to a reduction of the fuel vapor release and heat transfer. FTIR spectra of residual char demonstrated that fungal fibers grown with Si source formed more stable chemical bonds with higher heat of chemical bond formation, contributing to improved thermal stability and fire resistance. Therefore, compared with traditional fibers used for fiber reinforced concrete, incorporating the new natural grown fibers will potentially further improve the fire resistance of concrete and mitigate the concrete spalling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and characterization of novelly grown fire-resistant fungal fibers

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Investigation of properties and applications of cellulose-mycelium foam

et al. 2022

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Review of advanced techniques for manufacturing biocomposites: non-destructive evaluation and artificial intelligence-assisted modeling

et al. 2022

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Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) are being widely used in aerospace, marine, automotive, and healthcare applications due to their sustainability, low cost and ecofriendly nature. The NFRPCs manufactured through conventional, and computer controlled intelligent manufacturing techniques may contain internal and external defects. Traditionally, the microstructure of NFRPCs at different stages of manufacturing was obtained using destructive techniques which have stringent sample size restrictions and may cause decrease in residual properties of composites due to destructive scanning. However, these complications can be overcome by using non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. This review highlights the impact of NDE and AI on the improvement of emerging manufacturing systems. We have discussed the classification of biocomposites, their manufacturing techniques, recyclability and strategies to improve mechanical properties. Further, the use of different types of contact and non-contact NDE techniques in understanding the microstructural variations during manufacturing, machining and the parameters that effects the mechanical performance of NFRPCs

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Novel strategies to grow natural fibers with improved thermal stability and fire resistance

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Development and characterization of novelly grown fire-resistant fungal fibers

Development and characterization of novelly grown fire-resistant fungal fibers

Investigation of properties and applications of cellulose-mycelium foam

Review of advanced techniques for manufacturing biocomposites: non-destructive evaluation and artificial intelligence-assisted modeling

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