Novel strain of Shigella dysenteriae serotype 7 from India

Mandal, Jharna; Poonambath, D.K.; Bhosale, Namrata K.; Das, Ankita

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2015.06.011

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During the study period, S . flexneri remained the most dominant serogroup, as documented earlier [ 16 , 17 ]. The closest serogroup following this was the S .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India

2016

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Ciprofloxacin resistant Shigella sonnei across the globe have been increasing alarmingly. In order to understand the emergence of S.sonnei with respect to ciprofloxacin resistance in our patient population, the following study was carried out. Of the 184 Shigella sp. Isolated from 2012 to 2015, 34 S.sonnei which were confirmed by standard methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing were selected. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16/34 quinolone resistant isolates tested ranged from 4micrograms/ml to 16micrograms/ml for ciprofloxacin, from 16 micrograms/ml to 64 micrograms/ml for ofloxacin and from 16micrograms/ml to 64micrograms/ml for levofloxacin. Sequence determination of the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes showed mutations in GyrA at Gln69/Trp, Phe71/Ser, Ser72/Pro, Met75/Leu, Ser90/Cys, Met94/Leu, His106/Pro, Asn161/His, Thr163/Ala and in ParC at Ala64/Asp. Among the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQRs) targets investigated,qnrB was the most (93.7%) prevalent followed by qnrC (18.7%). None hadqnrA, qnrS and qepA. Two (0.1%) of the isolates harboured theaac(6’)-lb gene. Drug accumulation assay detected the presence of efflux pump activity in 9/15 (60%) among ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. All isolates harboured the ipaH gene followed by ial (17.6%), sen (11.7%), set1A&set1B (5.8%) genes. None had stx1 element. PCR for Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences resulted in 4 unique clusters, of which Type III was the most (44%) dominant but there was no correlation between the ERIC types and the antibiotic resistance pattern or the virulence profile. A documented increase in S.sonnei harbouring the qnrgenes and some unusual genes like set1Aand indicate an ongoing process of horizontal gene transfer. The accumulation of novel mutations in GyrA and ParC in the presence of efflux pump and PMQR genes contributed to the raised MIC to quinolones. These findings are crucial in our understanding of quinolone resistance in these isolates.

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“…During the study period, S . flexneri remained the most dominant serogroup, as documented earlier [ 16 , 17 ]. The closest serogroup following this was the S .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India

2016

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“…During the study period, S. flexneri remained the dominant (112/187=60 %) serogroup, as documented in earlier studies from our centre and other studies as well. The closest serogroup (60/187=32 %) following this was S. sonnei, which showed a steep rise in the study period (2012-2017) compared to previously documented results from our centre (2008-2011) [19][20][21]. Few other studies have also reported on the rising dominance of S. sonnei closely following S. flexneri.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

CRISPR-cas heterogeneity and plasmid incompatibility types in relation to virulence determinants of Shigella

Das

Doss

Mandal

2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Virulence factors (VFs) are the most potent weapon in the molecular armoury of Shigella . In bacteria, the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are contributors to the evolution of different types of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated genes (CRISPR-cas) variants and plasmid incompatibility types. The present study explored the virulence potential of Shigella in relation to the CRISPR-cas pattern and incompatibility types among the isolates. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The profile of the CRISPR-cas systems among clinical isolates of Shigella in India has not been reported earlier. Limited knowledge is available on the pattern of plasmid incompatibility groups among clinical isolates Shigella . The bias is always towards studying the genetic elements associated with AMR, but the present study highlights CRISPR-cas and incompatibility types among Shigella in association with virulence. Aim. We aimed to investigate the distribution of virulence factors, CRISPR-cas pattern followed by plasmid incompatibility types among Shigella isolates. Methodology. Between 2012–2017, a total of 187 isolates of Shigella were included in the study. The virulence genes' distribution was carried out. CRISPR-cas profiling followed by analysis of the repeats and spacers was carried out. PCR-based replicon typing was used to determine the incompatibility types. The interplay was statistically determined using STATA. Results. The distribution of virulence genes showed varied pattern with ipaH present in all the isolates followed by ompA (93.6 %), virF (66.8 %), ial and sen (60.4 %), set1A (39.6 %) and set1B (39 %). CRISPR 1, CRISPR 3 and Cas6-Cas5 region were dominantly conserved. Twenty-two types of spacers were identified. The CRISPR3 repeat appeared to have a highly conserved sequence. CRISPR2 being the least common CRISPR type showed a strong association with an array of virulence genes (ial-set1A-set1B-virF) while CRISPR1 being the most dominant showed the least association with virulence genes (sen-virF). The dominant plasmids were found to be belonging to the inc FII group. The incompatibility groups FII, IncIγ, U, FIIS, FIIK, K, A/C, I1alpha was found to be associated with a greater number of virulence genes. Conclusion. The isolates showed increasing diversity in their gene content that contributes to increasing heterogeneity among the isolates, which is a known virulence strategy among pathogens.

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“…Reports of Atypical serotypes of S.flexneri are available from various parts of the world like Korea, Russia, Bangladesh and China [3][4][5][6][7]. Similarly, novel serovars of S.dysentriae have been reported from Bangladesh and Puducherry [8,9]. These were proven to harbour multiple virulence factors on their invasion plasmids and chromosomes.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report of Dysentery Caused by an Unusual Shigella Isolate from South India

Shanmugam¹,

Doss²,

Rajamanickam³

et al. 2022

Act Scie Gastro

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Background: Shigellosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among children less than five years (under-5 children). Available literature report Atypical serotypes of Shigella flexneri from various parts of the world. At present, there are 17 serotypes in S. dysenteriae, 6 serotypes and 14 subserotypes in S. flexneri, 20 serotypes in S. boydii and a single serotype of S.sonnei, 2 phases and 5 biotypes (a, b, e, f and g). Here, we report a strain of mannitol non-fermenting S.flexneri serotype 4 in a one-year-old girl child presented with high-grade fever and loose stools.Clinical Description: A one-year-old girl child with a known history of absence seizures presented with high-grade fever and loose stools for two days, about 8-9 episodes per day, foul-smelling, mucoid in nature, stained with fresh blood, and abdominal pain. The child also had 2-3 episodes of vomiting, non-bilious, non-blood-stained and contained food particles. Stool sample was plated onto MacConkey agar (MAC) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (XLD agar) and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 16-18 hours.Non lactose fermenting and red colonies were seen in MAC and XLD respectively which was identified subsequently as Shigella flexneri by serogrouping, but was a mannitol non fermentor. The isolate was found to harbour multiple virulence genes by PCR. Conclusion:The child was continued on oral cefixime for 10 days but has not improved following which she was started on Inj. Ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days and the child improved and discharged subsequently.

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Novel strain of Shigella dysenteriae serotype 7 from India

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India

CRISPR-cas heterogeneity and plasmid incompatibility types in relation to virulence determinants of Shigella

A Case Report of Dysentery Caused by an Unusual Shigella Isolate from South India

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