“…Previous approaches [3][4][5] for realizing MMI couplers with arbitrary splitting ratios are generally not suitable for the silicon on insulator (SOI) platform because our simulations show that they have relatively high excess loss. Recently, we have proposed a new method for obtaining MMI couplers with arbitrary power coupling ratios on the SOI platform using a surface pattern technique [6].…”
Optical couplers having arbitrary splitting ratios are useful in a range of communications and sensing applications. In this paper, it is shown that SOI-MMI couplers having a shallow slot can provide such splitting ratios.
“…Previous approaches [3][4][5] for realizing MMI couplers with arbitrary splitting ratios are generally not suitable for the silicon on insulator (SOI) platform because our simulations show that they have relatively high excess loss. Recently, we have proposed a new method for obtaining MMI couplers with arbitrary power coupling ratios on the SOI platform using a surface pattern technique [6].…”
Optical couplers having arbitrary splitting ratios are useful in a range of communications and sensing applications. In this paper, it is shown that SOI-MMI couplers having a shallow slot can provide such splitting ratios.
“…For a single MMI coupler with the rectangular shape, there have been four coupling coefficients K (cross-power coupling ratio) corresponding to general interference and restricted interference mechanisms as follows [15,16]:…”
“…Both types of methods ignore the reflection and higher-order modes excited by the discontinuities at input/output waveguide junctions. CTMIE includes all these effects and is the method of choice for analyzing novel MMI couplers with stepped-width design [24]. The full MMI structure of Figure 8 has two-fold symmetry with respect to x and z axis.…”
Abstract-This is a numerical investigation of a recently proposed formulation called coupled transverse-mode integral equation (CTMIE) for analyzing EM field properties in general 2-D dielectric waveguide devices. The device is first approximated by stack of piece-wise 1-D horizontally layered structures. Transverse field components on the interface between waveguide slices are unknown functions, which are governed by a coupled integral equation. When unknowns are expanded as a linear combination of given functions, CTMIE is converted to a coupled block matrix equation. We study three waveguide devices, in detail, to understand the relation between modeling parameters and accuracy and convergent rate of the solutions. Examples include a step waveguide junction, a multi-mode interferometer power cross coupler and a linearly tapered waveguide. All results are verified with independent calculations using other proven methods.
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