Novel Species of Human Rhinoviruses in Acute Otitis Media

Savolainen-Kopra, Carita; Blomqvist, Soile; Kilpi, Terhi; Roivainen, Merja; Hovi, Tapani

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e318182c90a

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, we also identified a potential distinct cluster of strains of HRV-C during phylogenetic analysis in the present study. In fact, we found that a similar separate cluster of strains was also present in our and several other studies of HRV-C strains, although bootstrap values were not shown in some studies [20,22,25,27,28]. When all available VP4 sequences of HRV-C isolates were included in analysis, these strains were clustered with high bootstrap values, suggesting a possible distinct subgroup within HRV-C (analysis was performed using available sequences published up to 15 March 2009; data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…In line with our results reported elsewhere [22], children with HRV-C infection in the present study commonly present with URTI, febrile wheeze, and asthmatic exacerbations. One child also presented with acute otitis media, which concurred with the detection of HRV-C in middle ear fluid samples from patients with acute otitis media in another report [25]. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the significance of HRV-C infection in the adult population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Since the discovery of this new clade of HRV, related viruses have been identified from different countries from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]32]. Although these viruses were referred to as novel genotypes or HRV-X in some studies, they are now believed to represent a distinct species, HRV-C [22, 24-26, 28, 32, 33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the complete genome sequences suggested that these newly identified HRV genotypes belonged to a potentially novel HRV species, HRV-C, with genome features distinct from HRV-A and HRV-B [22,24]. Subsequently, HRVs closely related to HRV-C were also identified in more clinical samples worldwide, especially in those obtained from children with respiratory illness [25][26][27][28]. However, most of these studies only focused on the molecular identification of HRV-C from clinical samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus C in Children and Adults in Hong Kong Reveals a Possible Distinct Human Rhinovirus C Subgroup

Lau

Yip

Lin³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

124

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus C in Children and Adults in Hong Kong Reveals a Possible Distinct Human Rhinovirus C Subgroup

Lau

Yip

Lin³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

124

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These and subsequent investigations have shown the proposed new species HRV-C to be remarkably prevalent, widely distributed geographically, and frequently associated with severe respiratory disease, both following primary infections, particularly in young children (24,25,29,32,59), and as an exacerbating factor in asthma and other chronic obstructive airway diseases (20,25,29,36). On the other hand, HRV-C has also been abundant in specimens collected from both children and adults with milder cases of respiratory disease (47,48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Sites of Recombination in Human Rhinovirus Species C

McIntyre

Leitch

Savolainen-Kopra

et al. 2010

J Virol

Self Cite

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a highly prevalent and diverse group of respiratory viruses. Although HRV-A and HRV-B are traditionally detected by virus isolation, a series of unculturable HRV variants have recently been described and assigned as a new species (HRV-C) within the picornavirus Enterovirus genus. To investigate their genetic diversity and occurrence of recombination, we have performed comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the 5 untranslated region (5 UTR), VP4/VP2, VP1, and 3Dpol regions amplified from 89 HRV-C-positive respiratory samples and available published sequences. Branching orders of VP4/VP2, VP1, and 3Dpol trees were identical, consistent with the absence of intraspecies recombination in the coding regions. However, numerous tree topology changes were apparent in the 5 UTR, where >60% of analyzed HRV-C variants showed recombination with species A sequences. Two recombination hot spots in stem-loop 5 and the polypyrimidine tract in the 5 UTR were mapped using the program GroupingScan. Available HRV-C sequences showed evidence for additional interspecies recombination with HRV-A in the 2A gene, with breakpoints mapping precisely to the boundaries of the C-terminal domain of the encoded proteinase. Pairwise distances between HRV-C variants in VP1 and VP4/VP2 regions fell into two separate distributions, resembling inter-and intraserotype distances of species A and B. These observations suggest that, without serological cross-neutralization data, HRV-C genetic groups may be equivalently classified into types using divergence thresholds derived from distance distributions. The extensive sequence data from multiple genome regions of HRV-C and analyses of recombination in the current study will assist future formulation of consensus criteria for HRV-C type assignment and identification.

show abstract

High detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media

Wiertsema

Chidlow

Kirkham

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. In this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (HRV; types A, B, and C), respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV; types A and B), bocavirus (HBoV), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43), influenza viruses (types A, B, and C), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4A, and 4B), human metapneumovirus, and polyomaviruses (KI and WU) in the nasopharynx of children between 6 and 36 months of age either with (n = 180) or without (n = 66) a history of recurrent acute otitis media and in 238 middle ear effusion samples collected from 143 children with recurrent acute otitis media. The co-detection of these viruses with Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis was analyzed. HRV (58.3% vs. 42.4%), HBoV (52.2% vs. 19.7%), polyomaviruses (36.1% vs. 15.2%), parainfluenza viruses (29.4% vs. 9.1%), adenovirus (25.0% vs. 6.1%), and RSV (27.8% vs. 9.1%) were detected significantly more often in the nasopharynx of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media compared to healthy children. HRV was predominant in the middle ear and detected in middle ear effusion of 46% of children. Since respiratory viruses were detected frequently in the nasopharynx of both children with and without a history of recurrent acute otitis media, the etiological role of specific viruses in recurrent acute otitis media remains uncertain, however, anti-viral therapies may be beneficial in future treatment and prevention strategies for acute otitis media.

show abstract

Novel Species of Human Rhinoviruses in Acute Otitis Media

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus C in Children and Adults in Hong Kong Reveals a Possible Distinct Human Rhinovirus C Subgroup

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus C in Children and Adults in Hong Kong Reveals a Possible Distinct Human Rhinovirus C Subgroup

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Sites of Recombination in Human Rhinovirus Species C

High detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About