Objective To explore the application value of quality improvement measures based on fishbone diagram analysis method in improving the management effect of emergency equipment in hospital. Method Facing the problems in the use and management of emergency equipment, a hospital in Xi 'an adopted fishbone diagram analysis method to analyze the root causes of the problems from the five aspects of Man, Machine, Material, Method and Milieu. The corresponding improvement measures were put forward according to the problems. The management effects of emergency equipment before and after the implementation of the improvement measures were compared. Results In the comparison of the use and management effects of emergency equipment to be used, after the implementation of quality improvement measures based on fishbone diagram, the ratio of emergency equipment without stains on surfaces, the ratio of fully charged emergency equipment, the ratio of emergency equipment in the qualified measurement period increased significantly (2=18.587, 2=72.090, 2=9.207; p<0.05); in the comparison of failure rates of emergency equipment in the whole hospital, the failure rate of emergency equipment in the whole hospital decreased from 2.54% before the implementation of quality improvement measures to 0.79% after the implementation. Conclusions The quality improvement measures based on fishbone diagram analysis method can significantly improve the management effect of emergency equipment, and has great application value in the management of emergency equipment in hospitals.