Novel solution injection technology for in-situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

Zhang, Zhenyue; He, Zhengyan; Yu, Jiahui; Zhang, Xu; Chi, Ruan

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.06.015

Cited by 61 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…ICREO also contains ion-exchangeable phase calcium (IEP-Ca) and ion-exchangeable phase aluminum (IEP-Al) [14,15]. Regardless of the type of leaching agent or enhanced leaching technology used, the IEP-Ca and IEP-Al will also be desorbed and exchanged into the leachate in the leaching process of ICREO [16,17], as shown in Equations ( 1) and ( 2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Minerals

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During the leaching process of ionic rare earth ore (ICREO), ion-exchangeable phase calcium (IEP-Ca) and ion-exchangeable phase aluminum (IEP-Al) are leached along with rare earth, which causes many problems in the enrichment process, such as increasing the precipitant agent consumption and rare earth loss, etc. The agitation leaching kinetics and the column leaching mass transfer process of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were studied to understand the leaching behavior of impurity in ICREO, which provides guides for the adjustment of the leaching process and to limit the co-leaching of impurities. IEP-Ca and IEP-Al were leached by ion exchange, with the leaching agent cations and the leaching kinetics described by an internal diffusion-controlled shrinking core model with an apparent activation energy of 8.97 kJ/mol and 10.48 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition, a significant reduction in the leaching efficiency of aluminum was caused by the hydrolysis reaction reinforced by the increase in MgSO4 concentration and temperature. The leaching kinetic data of IEP-Ca and IEP-Al was verified by the column leaching mass transfer process. There was a synchronous increase in the peak concentration of the outflow curve and leaching efficiency of calcium with the concentration of MgSO4 since IEP-Ca was easily leached. Therefore, as the leaching efficiency of calcium was already very high in the 0.20 mol/L MgSO4 leaching process, the leaching rate of calcium was limited by the leaching temperature and injection rate of MgSO4. For aluminum, the hydrolysis of Al3+ was promoted by increasing the MgSO4 concentration and the leaching temperature, thereby effectively reducing the content of aluminum in the leachate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Minerals

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“…Weathered crust rare earth ore is a crucial metal resource in the world, which contains large amounts of middle and heavy rare earth elements (He et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016a). More and more attention has be paid to the exploration and environmental protection due to its important role in economics and industries, such as luminescent materials, permanent magnet materials, rechargeable batteries, petrochemicals and metallurgical machinery et al (Dutta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other carriers, biochar has the advantages of easy modification, nontoxicity, good availability, and low cost. In addition, biochar-based carrier has higher mass transport of oxygen and nutrients to accelerate the growth of bacteria (Zhang et al, 2016). The immobilization of HNAD on the biochar can promote the bacteria concentration in the system and the complex of HNAD and biochar can be reused, showing a promising rapid method for NH4 + -N removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intensified effect of nitrogen removal properties using Pseudomonas fulva K3 and MgBC for the weathered crust rare earth wastewater treatment

Deng¹,

Chi²,

Xiao³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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A new bacteria named Pseudomonas fulva K3 (P. fulva) strain was isolated from the surroundings of weathered crust rare earth tailing with efficient NH4 + -N removal ability via heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification. The nitrogen removal properties could be intensified by the synergistic effect between as-prepared magnesium-modified biochar (MgBC) and P. fulva strain. The results show that P. fulva exhibited a rod-shaped morphology and NH4 + -N can be completely biodegraded under the optimal conditions of pH=7.0~8.0, temperature 30 o C and initial NH4 + -N concentration of 100 ~150 mg/L. The NH4 + -N tolerant concentration for P. fulva was determined to be 300 mg/L. The magnesium-modified biochar (MgBC) worked as an adsorbent of NH4 + -N. The kinetics and isotherm model for adsorption could be described by the pseudo-secondorder kinetic and Freundlich model, respectively. The XPS results showed that NH4 + -N was mainly adsorbed on the surface by chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the P. fulva could be immobilized on MgBC due to its large surface area, adjusting the concentration of NH4 + -N to a proper range for the growth of P. fulva by adsorption and desorption equilibrium, and leading to the intensified effect on nitrogen removal. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of the eluted weathered crust rare earth tailing reached 84.7 % in MgBC + P. fulva system.

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“…Medium and heavy rare earth elements are widely adopted in the material field of the high-tech and national defense industry which has led to the supplement growth of this strategic resource (Kynicky et al, 2012;Simandl, 2014). Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores are rich in medium and heavy rare earth elements, which makes up for the shortage of medium and heavy rare earth elements in mineral-type rare earth minerals (Zhang et al, 2016). These weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores are distributed in the southern part of China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching Process of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ore With Formate Salts

2020

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To strengthen the rare earth leaching process and weaken the hydration of clay minerals for preventing landslides, it is of great importance to adopt a green and sustainable leaching agent in the industry. In this work, the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with formate salts (ammonium formate, potassium formate, and sodium formate) was investigated. The effects of formate salts on the linear swelling ratio and zeta potential of the clay minerals were studied. The experimental results showed that ammonium formate could effectively recover the rare earth elements from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth as well as inhibit the leaching of impurity aluminum. At room temperature, when the ammonium formate concentration was 1% wt, the leaching efficiencies of rare earth and aluminum were 87 and 37%, respectively. Compared with traditional inorganic ammonium salts, the inhibition effect of impurity aluminum was obvious. In addition, the results of the linear swelling ratio in the clay minerals showed that the inhibit ability of formate salts on the hydration of clay minerals enhanced with the increase of the formate concentration, and the order of the inhabitation on the clay minerals followed: 1% ammonium formate > 1.5% potassium formate > 2.5% sodium formate > distilled water. Based on the double layer theory, ammonium formate and potassium formate could effectively compress clay mineral particles to avoid water intake, which could increase the interaction between clay mineral particles and greatly reduce the electronegative property of the clay minerals, so as to effectively reduce the surface hydration of clay minerals to decrease the swelling of rare earth ore. The results of this experiment have important and practical significance in guiding the prevention of landslides, promoting the in-situ leaching technology, and effectively protecting the ecological environment in mining areas.

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Novel solution injection technology for in-situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

Leaching Behaviors of Calcium and Aluminum from an Ionic Type Rare Earth Ore Using MgSO4 as Leaching Agent

The intensified effect of nitrogen removal properties using Pseudomonas fulva K3 and MgBC for the weathered crust rare earth wastewater treatment

Leaching Process of Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ore With Formate Salts

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