Novel Solid-State and Template-Free Synthesis of Branched Polyaniline Nanofibers

Abstract

A simple solid-state method to synthesize polyaniline dendrites without using any surfactant and organic acid has been demonstrated for the first time. XRD, FTIR and TGA analyses indicate the dendrites are doped emeradaline salt with good crystallinity. The growth mechanism of the branched nanofibers in solid-state reaction is studied.

Hollow nitrogen-containing core/shell fibrous carbon nanomaterials as support to platinum nanocatalysts and their TEM tomography study

“…The peak centered at 2 θ = 20.3° can be attributed to the periodicity parallel to the polymer chain, while that at 2 θ = 25.8° may originate from the periodicity perpendicular to the polymer chain. The peak at 25.8° is stronger than that at 20.3°, which is similar to that of the highly doped emeradine salt (ES) [29,30]. After carbonization, the XRD pattern of the composite (Figure 3, curve b) is completely changed, and the peaks from the PANI all disappeared.…”

The Effect of a Small Amount of Water on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Solid-State Synthesized Polyaniline

“…Due to low costs, reduced pollution, and simplicity in process and handling, the solid-state synthesis can be used for a large scale production [17]. Now, solid-state synthesis is widely applied to prepare the PANI-type conducting polymers [18,19,20,21,22,23]. In the solid-state synthesis method, the reaction chiefly occurs on the surface of a solid-sate reactant and the inter-diffusion rate of the reactants is much slower than that of a traditional solution method [18].…”

“…In the solid-state synthesis method, the reaction chiefly occurs on the surface of a solid-sate reactant and the inter-diffusion rate of the reactants is much slower than that of a traditional solution method [18]. This means that by carefully controlling the experimental conditions to adjust the nucleation and growth of the polymer, the solid-state polymerization method could be used to fabricate the nanostructured polymer [19,20,21,22,23]. Huang et al report a solvent-free mechanochemical route to PANI in which the reaction is induced by ball-milling the solvent-free anilinium salt and oxidant under ambient conditions [18].…”

Use of facile mechanochemical method to functionalize carbon nanofibers with nanostructured polyaniline and their electrochemical capacitance

“…The branched nanofibers with diameters at approximately 40 nm and lengths of several hundred nanometers in Figure 7a are typical products of the solid state mechanochemical polymerization of PANI [9,10]. However, CNFs modified with PANI show two main morphologies.…”

“…Many methods to prepare PANI have been developed [3-10], including interfacial polymerization, templates, and surfactant-assisted strategies, as well as mechanochemical methods. Since the mechanochemical methods have also been applied to disperse nanofillers in engineering polymers [11,12], it is worthwhile to extend this facile technique to modify functional conductive nanoparticles with PANI nanomaterials as the combination of PANI with electrically conductive nanoparticles (such as carbon nanotubes and graphite nanosheets) has been recently demonstrated to be a promising approach to improve their electronic or electrochemical performance [13-21].…”