Novel six-gene prognostic signature based on colon adenocarcinoma immune-related genes

Abstract

Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors worldwide, and immunotherapy is one of the most promising treatments for it. Identifying immune genes involved in the development and maintenance of cancer is key to the use of tumor immunotherapy. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of immune genes in patients with COAD and to establish an immune-related gene signature. Differentially expressed genes, immune-related genes (DEIGs), and transcription factors (DETFs) were screened using the following databases: Cistrome, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal, and InnateDB. We constructed a network showing the regulation of DEIGs by DETFs. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we prepared 5 co-expressed gene modules; 6 hub genes (CD1A, CD1B, FGF9, GRP, SERPINE1, and F2RL2) obtained using univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to construct a risk model. Patients from TCGA database were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on whether their risk score was greater or less than the mean; the public dataset GSE40967, which contains gene expression profiles of 566 colon cancer patients, was used for validation. Results Survival analysis, somatic gene mutations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells differed significantly between the high- and low-risk groups. Conclusions This immune-related gene signature could play an important role in guiding treatment, making prognoses, and potentially developing future clinical applications.

The integration of multidisciplinary approaches revealed PTGES3 as a novel drug target for breast cancer treatment

“…A study showed that RTN3 functions as a new inhibitor and can activate the Chk2/p53 pathway to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma, which provides additional clues for a better understanding of the carcinogenic role of HBV [ 33 ]. Many other studies have shown that F2RL2 is a biomarker for a variety of tumors, such as colon adenocarcinoma and glioma [ 34 , 35 ]. In BC patients, F2RL2 is associated with the process by which metastatic BC spreads to bone [ 36 ].…”

Seven bacterial response-related genes are biomarkers for colon cancer

“…Bacterial infection is one kind of common infection inducing immune. Immune—related genes have been applied to construct prognostic models for CC [ 12 ]. Our seven-gene bacterial response‐related prognostic model can accurately predict the OS of CC patients.…”

“…Several researchers preliminarily studied the predictive value of bacterial/microbiome-related genes in sepsis, anti-cancer drugs and cancers [5][6][7]. Metabolism, immune or cell death-related genes have been applied to construct prognostic models for CC or CRC [8][9][10][11][12], but bacterial response-related genes are rarely used as prognostic model to predict prognosis.…”