Novel SIE Implementations for Efficient and Accurate Electromagnetic Simulations of Zero-Index Materials

A novel surface-integral-equation formulation for efficient and accurate electromagnetic analysis of near-zero-index structures

“…Homogeneous models are generally expected to be more easily analyzed than the corresponding actual models that typically consist of many unit cells. However, as shown in this contribution, novel formulations are necessary to accurately and efficiently analyze homogeneous objects with NZI properties, since the conventional formulations available in the literature encounter serious stability issues [16][17][18] that make them inaccurate and inefficient when permittivity and/or permeability have small values.…”

Solution box: SOLBOX-20: Electromagnetic interactions with near-zero-index triangular prisms

“…W ith their exotic behaviors that can be useful in a plethora of applications, near-zero-index (NZI) materials have been topics of many recent studies in electromagnetics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Specifi cally, by possessing refractive index values close to zero, such materials can be employed for electromagnetic tunneling, coupling, beam steering and splitting, to name a few [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

“…Electromagnetic analyses of NZI structures naturally provide essential information for their designs [9,10]. In fact, computational simulations of NZI structures were also considered in this column [11].…”

“…As discussed in detail, even such homogeneous models may lead to computationally challenging problems, since using near-zero values for permittivity/permeability can easily make numerical systems unstable, resulting in inaccurate and/or ineffi cient solutions. In the simulations presented in SOLBOX-17, a novel surface formulation was used [9,10], together with the Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) [12] to handle large numbers of unknowns. It was shown that relatively simple lens geometries can be used to focus electromagnetic waves when materials of these geometries have small refractive indices.…”