Novel scheme for parametrizing the chemical freeze-out surface in heavy ion collision experiments

Bhattacharyya, S.; Biswas, Deeptak; Ghosh, S. K.; Ray, Rajarshi; Singha, Pracheta

doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.054037

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…It is very important to study the behavior of

and

due to their relation to map the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), though

is usually used [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] in the phase diagram. In order to extract

and

, and study their dependence on energy, we can analyze the

(

) spectra of particles using different models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Liu

Olimov

2021

Entropy

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The transverse momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons produced at mid-rapidity in central nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions at high energies are analyzed by considering particles to be created from two participant partons, which are assumed to be contributors from the collision system. Each participant (contributor) parton is assumed to contribute to the transverse momentum by a Tsallis-like function. The contributions of the two participant partons are regarded as the two components of transverse momentum of the identified particle. The experimental data measured in high-energy AA collisions by international collaborations are studied. The excitation functions of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity are extracted. The two parameters increase quickly from ≈3 to ≈10 GeV (exactly from 2.7 to 7.7 GeV) and then slowly at above 10 GeV with the increase of collision energy. In particular, there is a plateau from near 10 GeV to 200 GeV in the excitation function of kinetic freeze-out temperature.

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“…It is very important to study the behavior of

and

due to their relation to map the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), though

is usually used [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] in the phase diagram. In order to extract

and

, and study their dependence on energy, we can analyze the

(

) spectra of particles using different models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Liu

Olimov

2021

Entropy

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“…Following the complication regarding the chosen set of ratios, we have introduced an alternative method in Ref. [29]. The individual hadrons are not a conserved quantity in the strong interaction.…”

Section: Advances In High Energy Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent work [28], we have shown that in χ 2 analysis, a larger systematic variation can arise depending on the chosen set of ratios. A conserved-charge-dependent extraction of thermal parameters has been proposed [29], which seems to suitably estimate thermal parameters and predict equilibration in the most central collision. It will be interesting to check the centrality variation of thermal parameters and the equilibration of strange particles in this framework.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have observed a similar saturation with centrality (N part ) for collision energies ranging from 7.7 GeV of RHIC-BES to LHC (2.76 TeV). We have employed a recently developed parameter extraction process [29,30] with a strangeness suppression factor γ S to measure the possible deviation of strange hadrons from respective equilibrium yield. We have found the kaons to deviate from equilibrium at chemical freeze-out for the peripheral and semiperipheral collision, though the temperature does not change much with centrality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centrality Dependence of Chemical Freeze-Out Parameters and Strangeness Equilibration in RHIC and LHC Energies

Biswas

2021

Advances in High Energy Physics

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We have estimated centrality variation of chemical freeze-out parameters from yield data at midrapidity of π ± , K ± and p , p ¯ for collision energies of RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), Beam Energy Scan (RHIC-BES) program, and LHC (Large Hadron Collider). We have considered a simple hadron resonance gas model and employed a formalism involving conserved charges ( B , Q , S ) of QCD for parameterization. Along with temperature and three chemical potentials ( T , μ B , μ Q , μ S ), a strangeness undersaturation factor ( γ S ) has been used to incorporate the partial equilibration in the strange sector. Our obtained freeze-out temperature does not vary much with centrality, whereas chemical potentials and γ S seem to have a significant dependence. The strange hadrons are found to deviate from a complete chemical equilibrium at freeze-out at the peripheral collisions. This deviation appears to be more prominent as the collision energy decreases at lower RHIC-BES energies. We have also shown that this departure from equilibrium reduces towards central collisions, and strange particle equilibration may happen after a threshold number of participants in A - A collision.

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“…In a recent work [109], we proposed an alternate scheme to the χ 2 analysis for studying the freeze-out characteristics. The basis of that work was to argue that one should use the quantities associated with various conserved charges of strong interactions to obtain the freezeout parameters.…”

Section: B Hadron Yield Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

et al. 2020

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We discuss systematic uncertainties in the chemical freeze-out parameters from the χ 2 analysis of hadron multiplicity ratios in the heavy-ion collision experiments. The systematics due to the choice of specific hadron ratios are found to lie within the experimental uncertainties. The variations obtained by removing the usual constraints on the conserved charges show similar behavior. The net charge to net baryon ratios in such unconstrained systems are commensurate with the expected value obtained from the protons and neutrons of the colliding nuclei up to the center of mass energies ∼ 40 GeV. Beyond that the uncertainties in this ratio gradually increases, possibly indicating the reduction in baryon stopping.

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Novel scheme for parametrizing the chemical freeze-out surface in heavy ion collision experiments

Cited by 13 publications

References 102 publications

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Centrality Dependence of Chemical Freeze-Out Parameters and Strangeness Equilibration in RHIC and LHC Energies

Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

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