Novel Sars-CoV-2 Variants &amp; Therapeutic Effects

Patterns of chromatin accessibility, which are in turn altered by epigenetic mechanisms, are responsible for determining the interactions that take place between transcription machinery, genes, and the cis-regulatory elements of those genes. Mutations that interfere with epigenetic processes frequently have the unfortunate side effect of causing cancer. Since these mutations can be undone, numerous anticancer treatments that target epigenetic pathways are now being developed and evaluated. (Cancer) is becoming more and more common everywhere. This decline in clinical outcomes is a result of a number of factors, including late diagnosis, a lack of efficient treatments for particular cancer subtypes, and drug resistance. Treatment resistance and stemness traits have been recognised as markers of this disease, and it has been demonstrated that epigenetic changes play a role in the process of cancer growth. Understanding these alterations and how they impact cancer carcinogenesis treatment is challenging but crucial. However, it may be able to provide the special knowledge needed to use these alterations as potential diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic agents, and predictors of treatment efficacy. This underlines the importance of continued research to advance our knowledge of cancer carcinogenesis and epigenetics and help us overcome these challenges. This review aims to provide an overview of the state of the art in epigenetics research for cancer detection and treatment and to stimulate discussion on this subject.

Section: Challenges and Future Prospectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal used as Epigenetic for Cancer Treatment

Navadiya¹,

Goti²,

Raloliya³

et al. 2023

“…The nasal vestibule, respiratory, and olfactory regions make up each half of the nasal cavity, which is divided in half by the nasal septum. The nasal vestibule is a small, hairy area at the nose's entrance that also includes sebaceous glands [79]. It is bordered with squamous epithelium.…”

Section: Intranasal Administration As An Alternative To the Oral Rout...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancement in Self Emulsifing Drug Delivery System

Bist

Faruk

2023

Every day, researchers make new attempts to identify neurotherapeutics, but few of them make it to clinical trials. The main cause is their low bioavailability, which is connected to low water solubility, low permeability through biological membranes, and the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, the most significant challenge in administering drugs to the brain is overcoming the blood-brain barrier. In order to get around it, intranasal administration has become more popular, sometimes even more so than oral administration. Because of its structure, the nasal cavity can bypass the blood-brain barrier and transport drugs to the brain directly. Nasal absorption increases the systemic bioavailability of highly processed substances because they bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism. However, due to their unique physicochemical properties, most neurotherapeutics must be synthesized in lipidic nanosystems as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). To load large quantities of lipophilic medicines into micro or nanoemulsions, these isotropic mixes of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants are diluted in water. The goal of SEDDS is to increase the stability of labile pharmaceuticals against enzymatic activity, boost drug penetration through absorptive membranes, and reduce the likelihood of drug precipitation at absorption sites. Therefore, improved brain targeting and bioavailability of medications might be anticipated by combining the benefits of SEDDS with those of the intranasal route for brain delivery. In order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the intranasal administration of pharmaceuticals loaded in SEDDS, this paper provides a comprehensive characterization of SEDDS as a lipidic nanosystem. Finally, the in vivo effects of intranasal or oral delivery of SEDDS, showing their superiority over standard solutions or suspensions, are described.

“…Acute phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes like ACC can also induce the positive metabolic regulation brought on by AMPK activation, as can chronic phosphorylation of transcriptional proteins or coactivators like PGC1. [42]. GA's suppressive effect on oleic acid-induced TG generation may be connected to its inhibitory influence on ACC via activation of AMPK, as ACC is the ratelimiting enzyme for fatty acid synthesis.…”

Section: Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GA's suppressive effect on oleic acid-induced TG generation may be connected to its inhibitory influence on ACC via activation of AMPK, as ACC is the ratelimiting enzyme for fatty acid synthesis. By reducing TG storage in lipid droplets, [42] autophagy elicited by GA treatment appears to aid in regulating lipid metabolism. When AMPK is turned on, it stimulates the production of PGC1 and other genes involved in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism.…”

Section: Gallic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combine Therapy of Gallic Acid and Allicin in Management of Diabetes

Kumar¹,

Gardner-Sood²,

Rana³

et al. 2023

Type 2 diabetes, also known (DM) is a metabolic disorder with a high mortality and disability incidence. The development and activation of oxidative stress (OS) are crucial to the pathogenic development of DM. Pathophysiological evidence suggests that OS contributes to the onset and progression of DM through its association with hyperglycemia, resistance to insulin, and inflammation. It's worth noting that more and more studies are investigating the benefits of natural antioxidants for managing DM. Many different types of culinary and herbal plants contain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds gallic acid (GA) and allicin, respectively. The synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is inhibited, fat is stored less, blood sugar and weight are improved, and the body produces fewer AGEs, according to the study's authors. Inhibition of RAGEs and prevention of AGE activity following treatment with GA and allicin resulted in reduced oxidative stress and enhanced insulin secretion. The goals of this article are to (1) provide evidence that GA and allicin may be effective antihyperglycemic treatments for DM and its complications and (2) provide a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding studies examining the role of oleic acid in this disease.