Novel route of insulin delivery using an implant-mediated drug delivery system

Abstract

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently require multiple painful injections of insulin to manage their blood glucose level. A newly introduced, modified titanium implant, the implant-mediated drug delivery system (IMDDS), has the advantage of sustained, needle-free drug delivery. We evaluated the feasibility of the IMDDS as an alternative route of insulin delivery in an alloxan-induced rabbit DM model. Among a total of 30 rabbits with IMDDSs, 25 survived the induction and had a blood glucose level (BGL) higher than 300 mg/dl. The animals were divided into two groups: 13 in the test group to which insulin was administered via the IMDDS and 12 in the untreated control group. The BGL was monitored and measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours on the first day and every 12 hours thereafter for a total of 2 weeks. Marked hypoglycemic effects of insulin in the test rabbits were detected from the 2-h time point, and the mean BGL fell below the normal range from 12 h after insulin administration via the IMDDS. The effects lasted the entire 2-week period. Control rabbits did not show a pronounced decrease in BGL except for three animals who exhibited spontaneous recovery. The mean body weight of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the end of the observation period. Although this implant requires several improvements, the IMDDS exhibited promise as an alternative route of insulin delivery with the advantages of being a sustained, needle-free insulin delivery system.

Gels for constant and smart delivery of insulin

“…80 Their shrink-swell activity works either as a sensor or as an insulin releasing agent. 81 A polymerised lectin gel is the basis of an in vivo peritoneal system by Taylor in which insulin output is controlled by a variable viscosity gel from an implantable and refillable reservoir (Figure 16) and extends the insulin implant concept 82,83 to closed loop. 43,[84][85][86][87]…”

Clinical and radiographic variables related to implants with simultaneous grafts among type 2 diabetic patients treated with different hypoglycemic medications: a retrospective study

“…Moreover, local or systematic use of insulin could improve implant osseointegration in osteoporotic and diabetic rats [ 43 , 44 ]. The dental implants could even serve as a novel route of insulin delivery by an implant-mediated drug delivery system [ 45 ]. Another study has shown that insulin could promote angiogenesis [ 46 ], which is also a conducive factor to early osseointegration.…”

Biocompatible and Biomaterials Application in Drug Delivery System in Oral Cavity

“…The parenteral route of administration, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous, have various superiority over the gastrointestinal manner, which is the most acceptable, economical, and suitable. These types of administration prepare high bioavailability, the rapid activity of drugs, and often continuous usage of intravenous injection [ 75 ]. In addition, TiO 2 diamond-shaped nanoparticles are functionally loaded with doxorubicin and PEG chains.…”