Novel rotundic acid derivatives: Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity

Abstract

Abstract. Six novel rotundic acid (RA, 1) derivatives 4a-4f modified at the 28-COOH position were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR, MS,

Anti-Diabetic Effects of Madecassic Acid and Rotundic Acid

“…(2011) found that RA displayed anti-inflammatory effects in murine microglial cells [ 8 ]. The cytotoxic activities of RA toward human hematoma cell line (HepG2), malignant melanoma cell line (A375), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and colon cancer cell line (HT-29) have been observed [ 9 , 10 ]. Although those previous studies suggest that MEA and RA are natural compounds with several bio-activities, less information is available regarding the in vivo protective activities of MEA or RA against diabetes.…”

Efficacy of Rotundic Acid and Its Derivatives as Promising Natural Anticancer Triterpenoids: A Literature‐Based Study

“…[45] The phytochemical RA, a biologically active compound, has been extracted from plants of the Ilex genus. [46,47] A few species of Ilex, including Ilex rotunda, [46] Ilex purpureai, [48] Ilex chinensis, [47,49] Ilex integra, [50,51] Ilex doniana [52] have been recognized in several literatures and are known for their therapeutic benefits. These plants are commonly found in East Asia, especially in Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan, where local people have traditionally used them to cure different ailments.…”

“…Camelina sativa - [55] Enkianthus campanulatus Leaves [56] Euscaphis japonica Leaves [57] Glochidion obliquum Leaves [58] Ilex chinensis leaves [47,49] I. integra Fruit [50,51] I. rotunda, I. purpurea Seeds [46,48] I. doniana Leaves [52] Mitragyna diversifolia Stem bark [59…”

“…[59] Several studies also reported that synthetic derivatives of RA manifested potential cytotoxic effects on various cancerous cells, such as a study by Chen et al ( 2013) revealed that RA and its derivative (compound D1) at concentration of 1.25 to 100 μM exposed to different human cancer cell lines for 48 hours, showed remarkable cytotoxicity, with IC values of 16.48, 8.26 and 18.70 μM against the SGC-7901, HepG2, and HeLa cells, respectively. [46] Another study by He et al (2012) demonstrated that RA synthetic derivatives (D2 and D3) revealed notable cytotoxicity against different cancer cells (A375, HepG2 and NCIÀ H446) with the IC 50 values ranging from 3.41-11.32 μM indicating the potentials of the compounds as antitumor leads. [94]…”

Absolute bioavailability, dose proportionality, and tissue distribution of rotundic acid in rats based on validated LC-QqQ-MS/MS method

“…Rotundic acid (RA), a plant-derived and ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene acid, was identified as a major active ingredient of IRC and has been shown to exert extensive pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial [ 3 , 4 ], anti-inflammatory [ 5 ], anticancer [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ], and lipid-decreasing effects [ 14 ]. It has also been proven to alleviate type 2 diabetes and its complications by improving the composition of the gut microbiota [ 15 ].…”