“…The integration of two or more forms of treatment has been proposed as an alternative approach to improve cancer therapeutic efficiency, − which can produce synergistic effects through cooperative interactions and complementation among several types of monotherapies, resulting in a much stronger therapeutic effect when compared to each individual therapeutic model. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT), as an emerging approach for noninvasive tumor therapy, has achieved outstanding performances in numerous biomedical researches and clinical trials through an intratumoral Fenton/Fenton-like reaction that can generate highly toxic ROS. − CDT stands out as a light- and oxygen-independent modality in contrast to other ROS-mediated cancer therapies like PDT. This unique characteristic allows CDT to overcome penetration depth restrictions, making it versatile and exhibiting a universal therapeutic effect even in hypoxic tumors.…”