Novel rope-based sampling of classical swine fever shedding in a group of wild boar showing low contagiosity upon experimental infection with a classical swine fever field strain of genotype 2.3

Mouchantat, Susan; Globig, Anja; Bohle, Wolfgang; Petrov, Anja; Strebelow, Heinz-Günther; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Depner, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.004

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For this reason, alternative sampling strategies and sample matrices have been tested for CSF (often combined with African swine fever sampling) especially for wildlife specimens and under rural conditions [209,210,211,212]. However, most of them are not yet in routine use and need further validation.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Blome

Staubach

Henke

et al. 2017

Viruses

192

217

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Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide. The causative agent is CSF virus, a small, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical syndromes can be observed and thus, laboratory confirmation is mandatory. To this means, both direct and indirect methods are utilized with an increasing degree of commercialization. Both infections in domestic pigs and wild boar are of great relevance; and wild boars are a reservoir host transmitting the virus sporadically also to pig farms. Control strategies for epidemic outbreaks in free countries are mainly based on classical intervention measures; i.e., quarantine and strict culling of affected herds. In these countries, vaccination is only an emergency option. However, live vaccines are used for controlling the disease in endemically infected regions in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Americas, and some African countries. Here, we will provide a concise, updated review on virus properties, clinical signs and pathology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immune responses, diagnosis and vaccination possibilities.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Blome

Staubach

Henke

et al. 2017

Viruses

192

217

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Among possible alternative samples, oral fluid (OF) seems to be a good option, since it has already been adapted for the detection of other infections in wild and domestic swine. Oral fluids have been previously used to early detect foot-and-mouth disease and classical swine fever virus infection in wild boar using a rope-in-a-bait procedure [23,24]. Besides, recent studies demonstrated the value of OF for the antibody detection of a variety of swine pathogens including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) [25], porcine circovirus type 2 [26], and African Swine Fever virus (ASF) [27] in pigs, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis in Oral Fluid from Eurasian Wild Boar

et al. 2020

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The presence of Mycobacterium bovis and other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a main concern in wildlife populations such as the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Tests detecting antibodies against the MTC are valuable for tuberculosis (TB) monitoring and control and particularly useful in suids. The development of accurate, efficient, and non-invasive new tools to detect exposure to MTC would be highly beneficial for improving disease surveillance. This study aimed to determine if antibodies against MTC could be detected in oral fluid (OF) samples by a new ELISA test (IgG detection) from naturally TB-infected wild boar. For this, individual, paired serum and OF samples were collected from 148 live wild boar in two TB-status areas from Spain and quantitatively used to validate the new ELISA test. Antibodies against MTC were widely detected in OF samples, for which a significant positive correlation (r = 0.83) was found with the validated serology test. OF ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 67.3% and 100%, respectively. The results of this work suggest that OF samples have the potential to be used for MTC diagnosis as a further step in TB surveillance and control in suid populations. Based on our results, further research is warranted and could be performed using non-invasive new tools directly in field conditions to detect exposure to MTC.

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“…In a similar approach this has been tested in wild boar by Mouchantat et al [5] but a sound evaluation of this non-invasive sampling methodology was not possible due to an unexpected mild course of the experimental infection. The results obtained later by Grau et al [6] showed the feasibility of using the similar conventional rope sampling technique for CSFV genome detection but leaving out the “baiting component” essential for extensive production systems or wild boar sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the oral fluid sample collection, eight to ten “pSWAB” sampling baits consisting of a raw cotton rope embedded in a cereal based bait matrix as described by Mouchantat et al [5] were provided per pen on days −1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 pi. The “pSWABs” where distributed randomly within the pen by throwing them one-by-one over the pen barrier just avoiding the area the animals chose for defecation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For classical swine fever (CSF), due to the unexpected mild course of the infection during the experimental study on CSF in wild boar, detailed insights into the suitability of the sampling technique for early detection could not be obtained [5] and remained therefore speculative. The approach of non-invasive sampling for TADs was later picked up by Grau et al [6] successfully detecting the shedding of viral genome of FMDV, ASFV and CSFV in oral fluids collected by the conventional chewing rope technique from infected animals using a multiplex RTqPCR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rope-based oral fluid sampling for early detection of classical swine fever in domestic pigs at group level

et al. 2016

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BackgroundNon-invasive sampling techniques based on the analysis of oral fluid specimen have gained substantial importance in the field of swine herd management. Methodological advances have a focus on endemic viral diseases in commercial pig production. More recently, these approaches have been adapted to non-invasive sampling of wild boar for transboundary animal disease detection for which these effective population level sampling methods have not been available. In this study, a rope-in-a-bait based oral fluid sampling technique was tested to detect classical swine fever virus nucleic acid shedding from experimentally infected domestic pigs.ResultsSeparated in two groups treated identically, the course of the infection was slightly differing in terms of onset of the clinical signs and levels of viral ribonucleic acid detection in the blood and oral fluid. The technique was capable of detecting classical swine fever virus nucleic acid as of day 7 post infection coinciding with the first detection in conventional oropharyngeal swab samples from some individual animals. Except for day 7 post infection in the “slower onset group”, the chances of classical swine fever virus nucleic acid detection in ropes were identical or higher as compared to the individual sampling.ConclusionsWith the provided evidence, non-invasive oral fluid sampling at group level can be considered as additional cost-effective detection tool in classical swine fever prevention and control strategies. The proposed methodology is of particular use in production systems with reduced access to veterinary services such as backyard or scavenging pig production where it can be integrated in feeding or baiting practices.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0930-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Novel rope-based sampling of classical swine fever shedding in a group of wild boar showing low contagiosity upon experimental infection with a classical swine fever field strain of genotype 2.3

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Classical Swine Fever—An Updated Review

Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis in Oral Fluid from Eurasian Wild Boar

Rope-based oral fluid sampling for early detection of classical swine fever in domestic pigs at group level

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