Novel Rodent Models for Macular Research

Huber, Günter L.; Heynen, Severin R.; Imsand, Coni; Hagen, Franziska vom; Muehlfriedel, Regine; Tanimoto, Naoyuki; Feng, Yuxi; Hammes, Hans‐Peter; Grimm, Christian; Peichl, Leo; Seeliger, Mathias W.; Beck, Susanne

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013403

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Whereas the density of L cones commonly peaks at the area centralis or visual streak (depending on species), many species show a trend for highest S cone densities and hence increased S cone percentages in other retinal regions. 4 ;Huber et al, 2010 ). A strong partition with a dorsal L cone and ventral S cone dominance was fi rst observed in the mouse retina ( Fig.…”

Section: Retinal Distribution Of S Conesmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…For example, in the family Procyonidae the nocturnal raccoons ( Procyon lotor and P . SWS1 opsin is absent in the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus , but expressed in dwarf hamsters (von Schantz et al, 1997 ;Calderone & Jacobs, 1999 ;Glösmann et al, 2006 ;Williams & Jacobs, 2008 ;Huber et al, 2010 ), and absent in nocturnal fl ying squirrels, Pteromys volans and Glaucomys sabrinus , but present in their diurnal tree squirrel relatives (Carvalho et al, 2006 ). Within the muroid genera Mus and Apodemus , S cone absence in M .…”

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confidence: 99%

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S cones: Evolution, retinal distribution, development, and spectral sensitivity

Hunt

Peichl

2013

Vis Neurosci

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S cones expressing the short wavelength-sensitive type 1 (SWS1) class of visual pigment generally form only a minority type of cone photoreceptor within the vertebrate duplex retina. Hence, their primary role is in color vision, not in high acuity vision. In mammals, S cones may be present as a constant fraction of the cones across the retina, may be restricted to certain regions of the retina or may form a gradient across the retina, and in some species, there is coexpression of SWS1 and the long wavelength-sensitive (LWS) class of pigment in many cones. During retinal development, SWS1 opsin expression generally precedes that of LWS opsin, and evidence from genetic studies indicates that the S cone pathway may be the default pathway for cone development. With the notable exception of the cartilaginous fishes, where S cones appear to be absent, they are present in representative species from all other vertebrate classes. S cone loss is not, however, uncommon; they are absent from most aquatic mammals and from some but not all nocturnal terrestrial species. The peak spectral sensitivity of S cones depends on the spectral characteristics of the pigment present. Evidence from the study of agnathans and teleost fishes indicates that the ancestral vertebrate SWS1 pigment was ultraviolet (UV) sensitive with a peak around 360 nm, but this has shifted into the violet region of the spectrum (>380 nm) on many separate occasions during vertebrate evolution. In all cases, the shift was generated by just one or a few replacements in tuning-relevant residues. Only in the avian lineage has tuning moved in the opposite direction, with the reinvention of UV-sensitive pigments.

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Section: Retinal Distribution Of S Conesmentioning

confidence: 67%

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confidence: 99%

S cones: Evolution, retinal distribution, development, and spectral sensitivity

Hunt

Peichl

2013

Vis Neurosci

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“…It is interesting to consider whether the differences between rodent and primate vision could help to explain the apparent disparity between encoding of head orientation in rodent EC and encoding of eye movements in primate EC. The primate visual system is distinctly different from the visual system of common laboratory rodents, which have a larger field of view, make few saccades, and lack a specialized retinal region like the primate fovea (29)(30)(31)(32). Consequently, sampling by moving the visual field via head movements in rodents might be similar to moving the fovea with the eyes in primates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccade direction encoding in the primate entorhinal cortex during visual exploration

Killian

Potter

Buffalo

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We recently demonstrated that position in visual space is represented by grid cells in the primate entorhinal cortex (EC), suggesting that visual exploration of complex scenes in primates may employ signaling mechanisms similar to those used during exploration of physical space via movement in rodents. Here, we describe a group of saccade direction (SD) cells that encode eye movement information in the monkey EC during free-viewing of complex images. Significant saccade direction encoding was found in 20% of the cells recorded in the posterior EC. SD cells were generally broadly tuned and two largely separate populations of SD cells encoded future and previous saccade direction. Some properties of these cells resemble those of head-direction cells in rodent EC, suggesting that the same neural circuitry may be capable of performing homologous spatial computations under different exploratory contexts.

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“…In particular, rodent models lack a macula which impedes translation from the model to the human condition. Recently, animal models were analyzed which have a visual streak in their retina (as an area of high cone density and enhanced visual acuity) which shows anatomical mimicry of the human macula (Huber et al, 2010). These models may be beneficial for studying diabetic macular disease provided that diabetes can be induced reproducibly with comprehensive retinal pathology.…”

Section: Modelling Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%