Novel reovirus associated with epidemic mortality in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Sibley, Samuel D.; Finley, Megan A.; Baker, Bridget B.; Puzach, Corey; Armién, Aníbal G.; Giehtbrock, David; Goldberg, Tony L.

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000568

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is consistent with the findings of previous studies [16, 23]. The RdRp amino acid sequences of the PRV isolates used for the phylogenetic analysis showed high percentage identities (≥ 99.4%), although the sequences were obtained from different countries (Canada [AGR27917, AGR27926, ALN70026, ALN70037], Chile [AGR44279], Norway [GU994015], and the United States [ALN70048]) and different hosts (Atlantic salmon and coho salmon).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, no large differences in the percentage identities were detected when the novel virus was compared with PRV genotypes Ia and Ib (Table 1). The amino acid sequence similarities between our virus and largemouth bass reovirus (LMBRV) [23], a newly identified member of the piscine orthoreoviruses, range from 23.9%–68.1% (Table 1). Thus, the novel virus appears to be more closely related to PRV than to LMBRV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This characteristic genomic organization is fully conserved in PRV-2 and LMBRV. LMBRV is a new member of the piscine orthoreoviruses isolated from a nonsalmonid fish species and is distantly related to PRV [23]. Therefore, these genomic structural properties may be unique to members of the piscine orthoreoviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus

Nawata²,

et al. 2016

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Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) causes mass mortality in farmed salmonid fish, including the coho salmon, Onchorhynchus kisutchi, and chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha. The causative agent of the disease is a virus with an icosahedral virion structure, but this virus has not been characterized at the molecular level. In this study, we sequenced the genome of a virus purified from EIBS-affected coho salmon. The virus has 10 dsRNA genomic segments (L1, L2, L3, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2, S3, and S4), which closely resembles the genomic organization of piscine orthoreovirus (PRV), the causative agent of heart and skeletal inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon and HSMI-like disease in coho salmon. The genomic segments of the novel virus contain at least 10 open reading frames (ORFs): lambda 1 (λ1), λ2, λ3, mu 1 (μ1), μ2, μNS, sigma 1 (σ1), σ2, σ3, and σNS. An additional ORF encoding a 12.6-kDa protein (homologue of PRV p13) occurs in the same genomic segment as σ3. Phylogenetic analyses based on S1 and λ3 suggest that this novel virus is closely related to PRV, but distinctly different. Therefore, we designated the new virus ‘piscine orthoreovirus 2’ (PRV-2). Reverse transcription–quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant increase in PRV-2 RNA in fish blood after the artificial infection of EIBS-naïve fish but not in that of fish that had recovered from EIBS. The degree of anemia in each fish increased as the PRV-2 RNA increased during an epizootic season of EIBS on an inland coho salmon farm. These results indicate that PRV-2 is the probable causative agent of EIBS in coho salmon, and that the host acquires immunity to reinfection with this virus. Further research is required to determine the host range of PRV species and the relationship between EIBS and HSMI in salmonid fish.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus

Nawata²,

et al. 2016

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“…The orthoreoviruses are ubiquitous in various animal species, but only found to be of pathogenic significance in poultry and recently in fish [3,4,5,6,7]. PRV is abundant in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), detected both in apparently healthy and diseased fish [8,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Protein Kinetics of Piscine Orthoreovirus Infection in Atlantic Salmon Blood Cells

Haatveit

Wessel

Markussen

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is ubiquitous in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the cause of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation. Erythrocytes are important target cells for PRV. We have investigated the kinetics of PRV infection in salmon blood cells. The findings indicate that PRV causes an acute infection of blood cells lasting 1–2 weeks, before it subsides into persistence. A high production of viral proteins occurred initially in the acute phase which significantly correlated with antiviral gene transcription. Globular viral factories organized by the non-structural protein µNS were also observed initially, but were not evident at later stages. Interactions between µNS and the PRV structural proteins λ1, µ1, σ1 and σ3 were demonstrated. Different size variants of µNS and the outer capsid protein µ1 appeared at specific time points during infection. Maximal viral protein load was observed five weeks post cohabitant challenge and was undetectable from seven weeks post challenge. In contrast, viral RNA at a high level could be detected throughout the eight-week trial. A proteolytic cleavage fragment of the µ1 protein was the only viral protein detectable after seven weeks post challenge, indicating that this µ1 fragment may be involved in the mechanisms of persistent infection.

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“…DNA was reconstituted, and libraries were prepared for NGS as previously described 48,49 ; this method is approximately as sensitive as real-time quantitative PCR for detecting viruses 11 . Briefly, DNA was purified using Agencourt Ampure XP beads (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kanyawara Virus: A Novel Rhabdovirus Infecting Newly Discovered Nycteribiid Bat Flies Infesting Previously Unknown Pteropodid Bats in Uganda

Goldberg

Bennett

Kityo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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Bats are natural reservoir hosts of highly virulent pathogens such as Marburg virus, Nipah virus, and SARS coronavirus. However, little is known about the role of bat ectoparasites in transmitting and maintaining such viruses. The intricate relationship between bats and their ectoparasites suggests that ectoparasites might serve as viral vectors, but evidence to date is scant. Bat flies, in particular, are highly specialized obligate hematophagous ectoparasites that incidentally bite humans. Using next-generation sequencing, we discovered a novel ledantevirus (mononegaviral family Rhabdoviridae, genus Ledantevirus) in nycteribiid bat flies infesting pteropodid bats in western Uganda. Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed that both the bat flies and their bat hosts belong to putative new species. The coding-complete genome of the new virus, named Kanyawara virus (KYAV), is only distantly related to that of its closest known relative, Mount Elgon bat virus, and was found at high titers in bat flies but not in blood or on mucosal surfaces of host bats. Viral genome analysis indicates unusually low CpG dinucleotide depletion in KYAV compared to other ledanteviruses and rhabdovirus groups, with KYAV displaying values similar to rhabdoviruses of arthropods. Our findings highlight the possibility of a yet-to-be-discovered diversity of potentially pathogenic viruses in bat ectoparasites.

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Novel reovirus associated with epidemic mortality in wild largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus

Full-Genome Sequencing and Confirmation of the Causative Agent of Erythrocytic Inclusion Body Syndrome in Coho Salmon Identifies a New Type of Piscine Orthoreovirus

Viral Protein Kinetics of Piscine Orthoreovirus Infection in Atlantic Salmon Blood Cells

Kanyawara Virus: A Novel Rhabdovirus Infecting Newly Discovered Nycteribiid Bat Flies Infesting Previously Unknown Pteropodid Bats in Uganda

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