Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N5) Viruses in Domestic Ducks, China

Gu, Minghong; Liu, Wenbo; Cao, Yongzhong; Peng, Daxin; Wang, Xiaobo; Wan, Hongquan; Zhao, Guo; Xu, Qi; Zhang, Wei; Song, Qing; Li, Yanfang; Liu, Xiufan

doi:10.3201/eid/1706.101406

Cited by 96 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…3,4,5,6,7,8,9,47 In Asia, A(H5N8) viruses have been found in China, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Korea, but none of those previous strains resembled the genetic components of this 2014 viral pathogen nor did they cause local outbreaks. Because China, Korea and Japan share interconnected wild bird migratory routes, 48 it is not surprising that the novel HPAI A(H5N8) virus would be shared by these eastern Asian nations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

Kim

Pascua

Kwon

et al. 2014

Emerging Microbes & Infections

113

114

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The endemicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in Asia has led to the generation of reassortant H5 strains with novel gene constellations. A newly emerged HPAI A(H5N8) virus caused poultry outbreaks in the Republic of Korea in 2014. Because newly emerging high-pathogenicity H5 viruses continue to pose public health risks, it is imperative that their pathobiological properties be examined. Here, we characterized A/mallard duck/Korea/W452/2014 (MDk/W452(H5N8)), a representative virus, and evaluated its pathogenic and pandemic potential in various animal models. We found that MDk/W452(H5N8), which originated from the reassortment of wild bird viruses harbored by migratory waterfowl in eastern China, replicated systemically and was lethal in chickens, but appeared to be attenuated, albeit efficiently transmitted, in ducks. Despite predominant attachment to avian-like virus receptors, MDk/W452(H5N8) also exhibited detectable human virus-like receptor binding and replicated in human respiratory tract tissues. In mice, MDk/W452(H5N8) was moderately pathogenic and had limited tissue tropism relative to previous HPAI A(H5N1) viruses. It also induced moderate nasal wash titers in inoculated ferrets; additionally, it was recovered in extrapulmonary tissues and one of three direct-contact ferrets seroconverted without shedding. Moreover, domesticated cats appeared to be more susceptible than dogs to virus infection. With their potential to become established in ducks, continued circulation of A(H5N8) viruses could alter the genetic evolution of pre-existing avian poultry strains. Overall, detailed virological investigation remains a necessity given the capacity of H5 viruses to evolve to cause human illness with few changes in the viral genome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The endemicity of HPAI A(H5N1) in poultry and wild birds also led to the generation of novel reassortant H5 strains that inherited neuraminidases (NAs) and internal gene constellations from other prevailing subtypes of avian viruses circulating in the field. 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

Kim

Pascua

Kwon

et al. 2014

Emerging Microbes & Infections

113

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The latest clade, 2.3.4.4, was designated in January 2015 and replaced the provisional clade 2.3.4.6. The first isolation of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses was from domestic mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) in China in 2008 [6]. The H5 clade 2.3.4.4 has demonstrated an ability to reassort with multiple neuraminidase subtypes including N1, N2, N3, N5, N6 or N8 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-space analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak in the US

Nonthabenjawan

Cardona

Amonsin

et al. 2016

Virol J

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BackgroundIn early 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 caused outbreaks in commercial poultry farms in Minnesota and neighboring states where more than 48 million birds were affected. To date, the origin and transmission pathways of HPAI H5N2 have not been conclusively established.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed forty-six samples from turkeys and their environment that were collected at different time-points of the outbreak to identify origins and within outbreak evolutionary changes. We performed de-novo whole genome sequencing from primary samples and the most recent common ancestors of the PB2, PA, HA5, M and NS segments were traced back to Japanese HPAI H5N8 isolates. These segments appeared to have diverged from the ancestor around June and November 2014.ResultsThe time to most recent common ancestor analysis for PB1, NP and NA2 segments suggest two likely possibilities of reassortant HPAI H5N2 origin - either a reassortment in Alaska area or multiple reassortments with North American low pathogenic avian influenza strains, before the HPAI H5N2 outbreak strain emerged. Within the outbreak, viruses clustered into two and three subgroups suggesting high substitution rates of 0.702x10-2 - 1.665x10-2 (subs/site/year), over the 5-month outbreak period.ConclusionsData are suggestive of a fast evolving HPAI strain within an outbreak that should be taken into consideration in developing appropriate control strategies in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0605-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…There have also been small-scale epidemics, such as the avian influenza virus A (H5N1) outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997, in which 18 individuals were infected and 6 died (WHO 2004). In addition to the avian influenza virus A H5N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A H5N2 (Yang et al 2015; Zhan et al 2012), avian influenza virus A H5N5 (Gu et al 2011), H5N6 (Li et al 2016; Qi et al 2014), H5N8 (Wang et al 2016; Zhao et al 2013), and H5N9 (Yu et al 2015) have also been isolated or confirmed from avian, mice, dog, or humans in China since 2000. It is noteworthy that the first human avian influenza A H5N6 infections were reported in Sichuan province (Nations and F.a.A.O.o.t.U.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and detection of common avian and human origin-influenza viruses using a portable chemiluminescence imaging microarray

et al. 2016

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Background Influenza viruses are divided into three types, A, B, and C. Human influenza A and B viruses can cause seasonal epidemics, but influenza C causes only a mild respiratory illness. Influenza A virus can infect various host species. In 2013, human-infectious avian influenza A (H7N9) was first reported in China. By the second week of 2014, there were 210 laboratory-confirmed human cases in the country, and the mortality rate eventually reached 22 %. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza viruses is important for clinical management and epidemiology. MethodsIn this assay, a cost-effective chemiluminescence (CL) detection oligonucleotide microarray was developed to genotype and detect avian influenza A (H7N9), avian influenza A (H5N1), 2009 influenza A (H1N1), seasonal influenza A (H1N1), and seasonal influenza A (H3N2). Influenza A viruses and influenza B viruses were also generally detected using this microarray.ResultsThe results of detection of 40 cultivated influenza virus strains showed that the microarray was able to distinguish the subtypes of these influenza viruses very well. The microarray possessed similar or 10 fold higher limit of detection than the real-time RT-PCR method. Sixty-six clinical swab samples were detected using this microarray and verified with real time RT-PCR to evaluate the efficiency of this microarray for clinical testing.ConclusionsA reliable CL detection oligonucleotide microarray had been developed to genotype and detected these influenza viruses.

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Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N5) Viruses in Domestic Ducks, China

Cited by 96 publications

References 13 publications

Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

Time-space analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N2 outbreak in the US

Genotyping and detection of common avian and human origin-influenza viruses using a portable chemiluminescence imaging microarray

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