Novel Psychoactive Substances and Trends of Abuse

Rivera, Jessica V.; Vance, Emily Green; Rushton, William F.; Arnold, Justin K.

doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000174

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The role of early renal replacement therapy to improve outcomes has not been studied. However, N -ethylpentylone is a small water-soluble molecule [2] and theoretically can be removed by renal replacement therapy. This therapy is worth consideration if there is a high clinical suspicion for intoxication with synthetic drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Makers of new designer drugs continue to avoid legal risk by slight alterations of chemical structure, and these drugs have become more readily available. The number of reported emergency room visits and fatal outcomes involving these drugs has increased in recent years [2,6]. This case report illustrates the behavior effects, clinical presentation, and potential fatal outcome of N -ethylpentylone drug intoxication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Historically the plant was chewed for its stimulant effects [1,2]. The synthesis of synthetic cathinones has created a new and highly dangerous genre of drugs of abuse, available on the internet and in retail establishments as ‘bath salts’ or ‘plant food’ [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report

Ikeji

Sittambalam

Camire

et al. 2018

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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Synthetic cathinones represent the latest genre of new drugs of abuse, which are increasing in popularity in part because they are readily available and because they are not detected by routine drug testing. They provide a cheaper substitute to stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine and are sold on the internet and in retail establishments as ‘bath salts,’ ‘plant food,’ or ‘research chemicals.’ We report a case involving a 21-year-old male who suffered arrest-related death due to intoxication with N-ethylpentylone, a new cathinone derivative. He reportedly left his house to smoke marijuana and returned displaying extremely odd behavior. The patient was unresponsive upon presentation to the emergency room and was intubated after suffering cardiac arrest. Clinical laboratory values revealed elevated lactic acidosis, hyperkalemia, rhabdomyolysis, and renal injury. His condition continued to worsen despite medical management. Sudden cardiac arrest occurred again 72 hours into his hospital stay and the patient was pronounced dead. Post-mortem toxicology testing with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry determined the presence of N-ethylpentylone in the urine. This case report details the behavior effects, clinical presentation, and autopsy findings for N-ethylpentylone drug intoxication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report

Ikeji

Sittambalam

Camire

et al. 2018

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

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“…were introduced in the market, becoming undetectable by traditional targeted screening. These new drugs are proliferating at an unprecedented rate, posing a significant risk to public health since they have unpredictable toxicological effects (Tai and Fantegrossi, 2014;Rivera et al, 2017;Weinstein et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Networking: A Useful Tool for the Identification of New Psychoactive Substances in Seizures by LC–HRMS

et al. 2020

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New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are a global concern since they are spreading at an unprecedented rate. Despite their commerce still being limited compared to traditional illicit drugs, the identification of NPS in seizures may represent a challenge because of the variety of possible structures. In this study we report the successful application of molecular networking (MN) to identify unexpected fentanyl analogs in two seizures. The samples were extracted with 1 mL of methanol and analyzed with an untargeted data-dependent acquisition approach by LC–HRMS. The obtained data were examined using the MN workflow within the Global Natural Product Search (GNPS). A job was submitted to GNPS by including both seizures and standard mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyls raw files; spectra obtained from standards were used to establish representative networks for both molecular classes. All synthetic cannabinoids in the mixture were linked together resulting in a molecular network despite their different fragmentation spectra. Looking at fentanyls, all the molecules with the typical 188.143 and 105.070 fragments were combined in a representative network. By exploiting the standard networks two unexpected fentanyls were found in the analyzed seizures and were putatively annotated as para-fluorofuranylfentanyl and (iso)butyrylfentanyl. The identity of these two fentanyl analogs was confirmed by NMR analysis. Other m/z ratios in the seizures were compatible with fentanyl derivatives; however, they appeared to be minor constituents, probably impurities or synthetic byproducts. The latter might be of interest for investigations of common fingerprints among different seizures.

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“…Drugs are psychoactive substances that affects perception, mood, consciousness, and behavior (1) . Drugs with the highest prevalence of consumption in the general population are consumed at high levels by young people aged between 14 and 18 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, eating habits and physical activity in nursing students

Rodríguez-Muñoz

Carmona‐Torres

Rodríguez‐Borrego

2020

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

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Objective: to determine the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, eating habits, and physical activity among nursing students and to detect whether being a nursing student is a protective factor against these habits. Method: a questionnaire was used to collect information on age, academic year, sex, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activity, and healthy eating. An information sheet and informed consent form were given. The sample was composed of 264 students aged between 18-30 years from four academic years. Results: of the total sample, 15.5% smoked, 83.7% consumed alcoholic beverages and 97.2% consumed over the weekend. The total of 68.6% did not practice exercises and 70.5% needed changes in their diet. Conclusion: nursing students have high levels of alcohol consumption and low levels of smoking compared with other studies. The higher the academic year, the lower the age of onset of tobacco consumption. The number of men who exercised was higher, which is considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption and is related to a healthy diet. Smoking has a negative influence on diet. The students needed to change their diet. Finally, being a nursing student is not considered a protective factor against alcohol and tobacco consumption, nor having good eating habits and exercising.

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Novel Psychoactive Substances and Trends of Abuse

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report

Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report

Molecular Networking: A Useful Tool for the Identification of New Psychoactive Substances in Seizures by LC–HRMS

Influence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, eating habits and physical activity in nursing students

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