Novel proteinaceous toxins from the nematocyst venom of the Okinawan sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni Kwietniewski

Nagai, Hiroshi; Oshiro, Naomasa; Takuwa‐Kuroda, Kyoko; Iwanaga, Setsuko; Nozaki, Masatoshi; Nakajima, Terumi

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00547-8

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1) Recently, we succeeded in isolating and characterizing the main fatal toxins (PsTX-60A and 60B) in the nematocysts of P. semoni for theˆrst time. 4) In that study, we also discovered another hemolytic toxin in P. semoni venom. In a continuing eŠort to clarify the chemical nature of this latter toxin, we describe in this paper theˆrst isolation of Phyllodiscus semoni toxin 20A (PsTX-20A), a hemolytic and lethal polypeptide (20 kDa).…”

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confidence: 80%

A New Polypeptide Toxin from the Nematocyst Venom of an Okinawan Sea AnemonePhyllodiscus semoni(Japanese name “unbachi-isoginchaku”)

Nagai

Oshiro

Takuwa‐Kuroda

et al. 2002

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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The venomous sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni causes cases of severe stinging. We isolated Phyllodiscus semoni toxin 20A (PsTX-20A), a hemolytic and lethal polypeptide (20 kDa), from the nematocyst venom of this species for theˆrst time. Furthermore, we sequenced the cDNA encoding PsTX-20A. The deduced amino acid sequence of PsTX-20A showed that this toxin was a new member of the actinoporin family, which consists of several cytolytic polypeptides originating from sea anemones. PsTX-20A showed lethal toxicity to the shrimp Palaemon paucidens when administered via intraperitoneal injection (LD 50 , 50 mg W kg) and hemolytic activity toward 0.8% sheep red blood cells (ED 50 , 80 ng W ml).

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confidence: 80%

A New Polypeptide Toxin from the Nematocyst Venom of an Okinawan Sea AnemonePhyllodiscus semoni(Japanese name “unbachi-isoginchaku”)

Nagai

Oshiro

Takuwa‐Kuroda

et al. 2002

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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“…Water-soluble extracts obtained from these deep-sea jellyfishes were subjected to (1) cytotoxicity, (2) hemolytic activity and (3) crustacean lethal toxicity tests. The crude extract preparation methods and bioactivity tests adopted in this study have been routinely used in our laboratory for discovering novel bioactive polypeptides from shallow-water cnidarians [15][16][17][18][19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the bioactivities of water-soluble extracts from twelve deep-sea jellyfish species

et al. 2013

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Many polypeptides isolated from shallow water cnidarian species have been utilized as valuable biochemical tools in both basic and applied biological sciences. Deepwater cnidarian species might be another potential resource for novel biochemical tools. However, because of limited access to cnidarian samples from deep-sea environments, bioactive polypeptides have never before been reported from this group. In this study, we collected twelve deep-sea jellyfish species (nine hydrozoans and three scyphozoans) using a plankton net that was specially designed for collecting deep-sea organisms, and prepared water-soluble extracts, presumably containing polypeptides, of these jellyfishes. The extracts were subjected to cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and crustacean lethal toxicity tests. In the cytotoxicity test, six out of the nine tested hydrozoan species showed activity. In the hemolytic activity test, only three hydrozoans showed activity and none of the scyphozoan jellyfishes showed activity. In the crustacean lethality test, two hydrozoan jellyfishes and all three of the tested scyphozoan jellyfishes showed lethal activity. These results revealed a high incidence of watersoluble bioactive substances occurring in these deepsea jellyfishes. Furthermore, all the heat-treated and the methanol-treated crude jellyfish extracts lost their bioactivities. Thus, it is likely that the bioactive compounds in the water-soluble extracts were unstable polypeptides (proteins). This is the first published report on bioactivities in extracts from deep-sea jellyfishes.

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“…3,20 To characterize the nephrotoxin further, we used a two-step purification and isolated a single protein toxin, termed PsTx-115 because of its apparent molecular mass, in keeping with earlier terminology. 3,20 Renal pathology caused by purified toxin was indistinguishable from that caused by whole venom, but purified toxin was 20-fold more active on a protein weight-for-weight basis (100% incidence of renal injury at 1.5 g/animal compared with 30 g/animal for unfractionated venom). The glomerular injuries induced by PsTx-115 were identical to those of PsTX-T and also displayed similar decreased CReg expression and complement deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of nematocysts and extraction of venom was performed as previously described. 3,20 In brief, isolated nematocysts were incubated in 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and centrifuged (12,000 ϫ g, 15 minutes). The supernatant was sterile-filtered; this venom extract was termed PsTX-T.…”

Section: Extraction Of P Semoni Venom (Pstx-t) From Isolated Nematocmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Protein Toxin from the Sea Anemone Phyllodiscus semoni Targets the Kidney and Causes a Severe Renal Injury with Predominant Glomerular Endothelial Damage

Mizuno

Nozaki

Morine

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Pathology

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Envenomation by the sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni causes fulminant dermatitis and, rarely, acute renal failure in humans. Here, we investigated whether the venom extracted from the nematocysts (PsTX-T) was nephrotoxic when administered intravenously in rats and whether PsTX-T induced activation of the complement system. Although small dose of PsTX-T induced acute tubular necrosis in rats resembling pathology seen in patients, kidneys dis-

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Novel proteinaceous toxins from the nematocyst venom of the Okinawan sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni Kwietniewski

Cited by 54 publications

References 8 publications

A New Polypeptide Toxin from the Nematocyst Venom of an Okinawan Sea AnemonePhyllodiscus semoni(Japanese name “unbachi-isoginchaku”)

A New Polypeptide Toxin from the Nematocyst Venom of an Okinawan Sea AnemonePhyllodiscus semoni(Japanese name “unbachi-isoginchaku”)

Evaluation of the bioactivities of water-soluble extracts from twelve deep-sea jellyfish species

A Protein Toxin from the Sea Anemone Phyllodiscus semoni Targets the Kidney and Causes a Severe Renal Injury with Predominant Glomerular Endothelial Damage

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