Novel production method of porous surface Ti samples for biomedical application

Abstract

A porous implant material with adequate pore structure and the appropriate mechanical properties for bone ingrowth has long been sought. This article presents details of the development, characterization and in vivo evaluations of powder metallurgy-processed titanium samples exhibiting a dense core with an integrated porous surface for biomedical applications. A space-holder method was applied to investigate the effects of different percentages and particle sizes of the urea on bone neoformation in 30 rabbits. The samples were previously characterized using scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. After 8 and 12 weeks of implantation, bone ingrowth was histologically and histometrically analyzed and push-out testing was performed. This study demonstrated that the association of a dense core integrated with the greatest number of interconnected pores of the smallest size is a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. This sample exhibits appropriate mechanical properties combined with increased bone ingrowth, providing enhanced resistance to displacement.

Gelatin freeze casting of biomimetic titanium alloy with anisotropic and gradient pore structure

“…Again, the pore dimensions at the top of the scaffold are in the correct range for bone ingrowth. Previous methods have used powder metallurgy to create a porous surface on top of a dense titanium cylinder (de Vasconcellos et al 2012). It is worth noting that the freeze casting technique presented here creates a complete gradient from dense to porous with the ability to control the porosity within the scaffold.…”

Open Celled Porous Titanium

“…In liquid state processed foams, such as aluminium, the space holder can be tailored to complex shapes [27] but for powder methods where the metal and space holder are combined together space holders are normally used in the as-received powder condition. Thermal Removal [28] 200 °C for 2 hrs [29] 300 °C for 2 hrs. [30] 200 °C for 3 hrs+350 °C for 3 hrs…”

Porous Titanium by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Application: Characterization, Cell Citotoxity and in vivo Tests of Osseointegration

“…Materials produced by these methods present an interface between the dense core and porous coating [8,[60][61][62][63]. To overcome this problem a new method to produce titanium samples was to develop, that exhibit a dense core with an integrated porous surface, reducing the problems of displacing a porous coating [6,7,64].…”