Novel Picornavirus in Lambs with Severe Encephalomyelitis

Forth, Leonie; Scholes, S. F. E.; Jackson, K. A.; Mackintosh, Adrienne; Carson, Amanda; Howie, Fiona; Schlottau, Kore; Wernike, Kerstin; Pohlmann, Anne; Höper, Dirk W.; Beer, Martin

doi:10.3201/eid2505.181573

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The initial aim of the study was to detect the recently described Boosepivirus C (or related) picornaviruses [ 26 ], in enteric samples of various livestock in Hungary by RT-PCR using the in-house designed generic OvEncePV-Screen-R/F primer pair ( Supplementary Table S2 ). However, instead of Boosepivirus C , serendipitously, an 873 nt-long non-boosepivirus sequence was identified from an ovine faecal sample (sample ID: TB14), which showed 50% nt and 43% aa identity to the capsid region of bovine picornavirus 1/bopivirus A1 (KM589358) of genus Bopivirus as the closest match identified by BLASTn/x searches.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the majority of the PVs were identified from mammal hosts, including domestic animals, like bovine ( Bos taurus ) or swine ( Sus scrofa ) (i.e., there are known bovine and swine PVs from a total of sixteen genera), only a limited number of PVs have been described from ovine ( Ovis aries ) and caprine ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) of similar economic importance [ 19 ]. Besides certain highly pathogenic PVs with wide host species spectra like foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV, Aphthovirus ), or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV, Cardiovirus ), only a few additional caprine (EV-F1, EV-G20) and ovine enteroviruses (EV-E1, G5, G7) of genus Enterovirus , a caprine (caprine kobuvirus 1) and ovine kobuvirus (ovine kobuvirus 1) of genus Kobuvirus , as well as an ovine hunnivirus ( Hunnivirus ) and an ovine boosepivirus ( Boosepivirus ), were discovered so far [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

László

Pankovics

Reuter

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Most picornaviruses of the family Picornaviridae are relatively well known, but there are certain “neglected” genera like Bopivirus, containing a single uncharacterised sequence (bopivirus A1, KM589358) with very limited background information. In this study, three novel picornaviruses provisionally called ovipi-, gopi- and bopivirus/Hun (MW298057-MW298059) from enteric samples of asymptomatic ovine, caprine and bovine respectively, were determined using RT-PCR and dye-terminator sequencing techniques. These monophyletic viruses share the same type II-like IRES, NPGP-type 2A, similar genome layout (4-3-4) and cre-localisations. Culture attempts of the study viruses, using six different cell lines, yielded no evidence of viral growth in vitro. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses show that bopivirus/Hun of bovine belongs to the species Bopivirus A, while the closely related ovine-origin ovipi- and caprine-origin gopivirus could belong to a novel species “Bopivirus B” in the genus Bopivirus. Epidemiological investigation of N = 269 faecal samples of livestock (ovine, caprine, bovine, swine and rabbit) from different farms in Hungary showed that bopiviruses were most prevalent among <12-month-old ovine, caprine and bovine, but undetectable in swine and rabbit. VP1 capsid-based phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple lineages/genotypes, including closely related ovine/caprine strains, suggesting the possibility of ovine–caprine interspecies transmission of certain bopiviruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

László

Pankovics

Reuter

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…The amount of virus reads in the sequence datasets found in the originally sequenced libraries and in the VirBaits-treated libraries is given as percentage. Libraries were made from RNA except the one marked by an asterisk, which was made from DNA Library ID Sample material Verified virus Generic HTS VirBaits Reference Total reads Virus portion Total reads Virus portion L03038 Brain, Bubo scandiacus USUV 4,347,713 0.001% 155,648 0.1% Santos et al, submitted L02262 Spinal cord, Ovis aries OvPiV 2,422,322 0.06% 261,673 0.04% [ 25 ] L01003* Cell culture supernatant PeHV 982,587 0.6% 154.820 0.4% [ 26 ] L02374 Organ suspension, bat KBLV 5,696,571 3.4% 508,034 89.6% [ 27 ] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation diagnostics: virus capture facilitates a sensitive viral diagnosis for epizootic and zoonotic pathogens including SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Background The detection of pathogens in clinical and environmental samples using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) is often hampered by large amounts of background information, which is especially true for viruses with small genomes. Enormous sequencing depth can be necessary to compile sufficient information for identification of a certain pathogen. Generic HTS combining with in-solution capture enrichment can markedly increase the sensitivity for virus detection in complex diagnostic samples. Methods A virus panel based on the principle of biotinylated RNA baits was developed for specific capture enrichment of epizootic and zoonotic viruses (VirBaits). The VirBaits set was supplemented by a SARS-CoV-2 predesigned bait set for testing recent SARS-CoV-2-positive samples. Libraries generated from complex samples were sequenced via generic HTS (without enrichment) and afterwards enriched with the VirBaits set. For validation, an internal proficiency test for emerging epizootic and zoonotic viruses (African swine fever virus, Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus, Nipah henipavirus, Rift Valley fever virus) was conducted. Results The VirBaits set consists of 177,471 RNA baits (80-mer) based on about 18,800 complete viral genomes targeting 35 epizootic and zoonotic viruses. In all tested samples, viruses with both DNA and RNA genomes were clearly enriched ranging from about 10-fold to 10,000-fold for viruses including distantly related viruses with at least 72% overall identity to viruses represented in the bait set. Viruses showing a lower overall identity (38% and 46%) to them were not enriched but could nonetheless be detected based on capturing conserved genome regions. The internal proficiency test supports the improved virus detection using the combination of HTS plus targeted enrichment but also points to the risk of cross-contamination between samples. Conclusions The VirBaits approach showed a high diagnostic performance, also for distantly related viruses. The bait set is modular and expandable according to the favored diagnostics, health sector, or research question. The risk of cross-contamination needs to be taken into consideration. The application of the RNA-baits principle turned out to be user friendly, and even non-experts can easily use the VirBaits workflow. The rapid extension of the established VirBaits set adapted to actual outbreak events is possible as shown for SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Afterwards, cDNA libraries were prepared as described previously (Forth et al, 2019;Wylezich, Papa, Beer, & Höper, 2018). During size exclusion, fragments smaller than 400 bp were additionally retained and purified two times with 1.2× Agencourt Ampure XP Beads (Beckman Coulter).…”

Section: Metagenome Analysis By High-throughput Sequencing (Hts) Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

Schulze

Große

Fürstenau

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV‐1) is the causative agent of Borna disease, an often fatal neurologic condition of domestic mammals, including New World camelids, in endemic areas in Central Europe. Recently, BoDV‐1 gained further attention by the confirmation of fatal zoonotic infections in humans. Although Borna disease and BoDV‐1 have been described already over the past decades, comprehensive reports of Borna disease outbreaks in domestic animals employing state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic methods are missing. Here, we report a series of BoDV‐1 infections in a herd of 27 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, which resulted in eleven fatalities (41%) within ten months. Clinical courses ranged from sudden death without previous clinical signs to acute or chronic neurologic disease with death occurring after up to six months. All animals that underwent necropsy exhibited a non‐suppurative encephalitis. In addition, six apparently healthy seropositive individuals were identified within the herd, suggesting subclinical BoDV‐1 infections. In infected animals, BoDV‐1 RNA and antigen were mainly restricted to the central nervous system and the eye, and sporadically detectable in large peripheral nerves and neuronal structures in other tissues. Pest control measures on the farm resulted in the collection of a BoDV‐1‐positive bicoloured white‐toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon), while all other trapped small mammals were negative. A phylogeographic analysis of BoDV‐1 sequences from the alpacas, the shrew and BoDV‐1‐positive equine cases from the same region in Brandenburg revealed a previously unreported endemic area of BoDV‐1 cluster 4 in North‐Western Brandenburg. In conclusion, alpacas appear to be highly susceptible to BoDV‐1 infection and display a highly variable clinical picture ranging from peracute death to subclinical forms. In addition to horses and sheep, they can serve as sensitive sentinels used for the identification of endemic areas.

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Novel Picornavirus in Lambs with Severe Encephalomyelitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

Multiple Types of Novel Enteric Bopiviruses (Picornaviridae) with the Possibility of Interspecies Transmission Identified from Cloven-Hoofed Domestic Livestock (Ovine, Caprine and Bovine) in Hungary

Next-generation diagnostics: virus capture facilitates a sensitive viral diagnosis for epizootic and zoonotic pathogens including SARS-CoV-2

Borna disease outbreak with high mortality in an alpaca herd in a previously unreported endemic area in Germany

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