Novel peripherally substituted metal-free, zinc (II), and cobalt (II) phthalocyanines with 1,1’-thiobis(2-napthol) and additional tetraphthalonitrile groups: Synthesis, aggregation behavior, electrochemical redox and electrocatalytic oxygen reducing properties

Electrochemical and in-situ spectroelectrochemical properties of novel (5-(tert-butyl)-2-((3,4-dicyanophenoxy)methyl)phenyl)methanolate substituted mononuclear metal phthalocyanines

“…It has been sighted that complexes usually form redox peaks with one electron transfer per redox-active species, arising from metals and/or Pc ligands. The E p values, varying in the range of 60-90 mV with 0.100 V s −1 scan rate, and the peak currents ratio, having unit value, of all redox processes in both solvent mediums reveal that these processes are reversible events with one electron transfer for MPc complexes [39] . This electrochemical reversibility was also strongly supported by the fact that the peak currents change in direct proportion to the square root of the potential scanning speed for cyclic voltammograms recorded at different scan rates.…”

Enhanced Visible Light Absorption and Photophysical Features of Novel Isomeric Magnesium Phthalocyaninates with Cyanophenoxy Substitution

“…Phthalocyanines have been used in many technological and medical applications [5,6], such as catalysts, light-emitting diodes, biological imaging, gas sensors, dyes, and pigments. Additionally, these compounds are suitable photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, with their high absorption in the visible region, absence of toxicity in the dark, high stability in solutions, high singlet oxygen yield, and high selectivity for high-quality tissues [7][8][9]. In addition, the phthalocyanine ring can exhibit redox properties due to the high level of π-electron delocalization [10,11].…”

Unusual Ligand Assistance in Molecular Electrocatalysis via Interfacial Proton Charge Assembly

“…The global energy crisis due to the extensive use of fossil fuels has already become a ubiquitous problem, making the domain of renewable energy conversion a hot research topic for the global scientific community. − In this regard, electrochemical transformation via electrocatalysis has become an area of research focus because of its potential to convert abundant feedstocks into value-added products. − This has in turn led to the design and development of various metal-based and molecular electrocatalysts. − Molecular electrocatalysts such as phthalocyanines and porphyrins have gained a lot of attention mainly because of their superior chemical and thermal stability and highly flexible optoelectronic nature. − For these reasons, the metallophthalocyanines have been explored for catalysis, like the MEROX process for the sweetening of oils to electrocatalysis in fuel cells and air batteries, with undeniable importance in electrochromism, the pigment industry, sensing, solar cells, and photodynamic therapy (cancer treatment). − It is already known that the electrochemical performance of the phthalocyanines can be affected by the redox properties of the central metal which in turn can be altered by changing the metal center or by altering the type, number, and position of the substituents on the macrocyclic ligand. − It has also been observed that electron-withdrawing functionalities such as −NO 2 , −CN, −COOH, and −Cl favor oxidation reactions like water electrolysis, oxidation of thiols, ascorbic acid oxidation, peroxide oxidation, etc. − On the other hand, electron-donating substituents like t -Bu, −NH 2 , and −OH favor reductive electrocatalysis such as carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, nitrogen reduction, etc. − Therefore, a correlation between electrocatalytic capability and inductive effect of the ligand functionality has already arrived, which is widely chosen as a benchmark for designing new molecular platforms for electrochemical transformations.…”