Novel Parvovirus Related to Primate Bufaviruses in Dogs

Abstract

A novel protoparvovirus species, related genetically to human bufaviruses, was identified in dogs with respiratory signs. The canine bufavirus was distantly related to the well-known canine protoparvovirus, canine parvovirus type 2, sharing low amino acid identities in the nonstructural protein 1 (40.6%) and in the capsid protein 1 (33.4%). By screening collections of fecal, nasal, and oropharyngeal samples obtained from juvenile dogs (<1 year of age), canine bufavirus DNA appeared as a common component of canine virome. The virus was common in the stool samples of dogs with or without enteric disease and in the nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples of dogs with respiratory signs. However, the virus was not detected in nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples from animals without clinical signs.

Molecular detection of canine bufaviruses in wild canids

“…Novel protoparvoviruses were identified recently during an outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) that occurred in a litter of mixed-breed 5-month-old puppies in Italy [3]. Also, by screening collections of faecal and respiratory specimens obtained from juvenile dogs, the virus was detected in stool samples of dogs with or without enteric disease and in nasal and oropharyngeal swabs of dogs with CIRD.…”

“…Also, by screening collections of faecal and respiratory specimens obtained from juvenile dogs, the virus was detected in stool samples of dogs with or without enteric disease and in nasal and oropharyngeal swabs of dogs with CIRD. Analysis of the complete genome sequences of three strains (ITA/2015/297, HUN/2012/126 and HUN/212/22) [3] showed that a novel canine parvoviruses, designated canine bufaviruses (CBuVs), exhibited the highest sequence the identity in NS1 (66.9%-69.4% nucleotide [nt] and 47.2%-51.4% amino acid [aa]) and VP1 (66%-68.2% nt and 62.5%-67.2% aa) regions to human and non-human primate bufaviruses (BuVs) (Primate protoparvovirus 1 and Primate protoparvovirus 2) [4][5][6], while identity to the well-known CPV-2 (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) was 56% nt and 40.6% aa in NS1 and 42.6% nt and 33.4% aa in VP1. According to the criteria established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for classification of parvoviruses into the same species (cutoff > 85% aa sequence identity in the NS1 protein), the canine protoparvovirus may be considered a member of a new species within the genus Protoparvovirus, for which he name "Carnivore protoparvovirus 2" is proposed.…”

“…More recently, evidence was obtained by molecular screening of respiratory specimens collected from cats with or without signs of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and stool samples from diarrhoeic animals that feline hosts are also susceptible to similar viruses [7]. Sequence analysis of the nearly complete VP2 coding region of three feline strains (ITA/2012/TE109, ITA/2015/BA509 and ITA/2017/ BA291) revealed that the viruses displayed > 99.9% nt sequence identity to CBuVs detected in dogs [3]. These findings seem to indicate that genetically closely related parvoviruses circulate between dogs and cats, suggesting limited host-species restriction among domestic carnivores.…”

“…The presence of CBuV DNA was assessed by real-time PCR (q-PCR) as described previously [3]. Viral DNA quantification was performed using TaqMan Fast Advanced master mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) in a 25-μl volume comprising 5 μl of extracted DNA and 20 μl of master mix.…”

Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture

“…A novel protoparvovirus, distantly related to canine parvovirus 2, was identified in young dogs with respiratory disease that tested negative to a panel of respiratory pathogens. The virus was also detected in collections of respiratory and enteric swabs, and its presence was significantly associated only in young animals (,6 months) with respiratory disease (Martella et al, 2018).…”