Novel Optimization Methodology of Design Parameters in High-Speed Differential Via for PCIe Gen5 Channels Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Cho, Chulhee; Kim, Kwangho; Lee, Manho; Shin, Jaeyoung; Yoon, Sungjin; Lee, Youngjae; Song, Chayoung; Choi, Wooshin; Kwak, Myoungbo; Choi, Youngdon; Choi, Jung-Hwan; Ko, Hyungjong

doi:10.1109/tcpmt.2023.3313722

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Various studies to improve digital transmission speed have been conducted by optimizing via parameters such as the via diameter, via gap, via pad diameter, and ground aperture diameter to control the impedance discontinuity in the via structures [9,10], and by minimizing signal reflection and radiation through adding ground vias or adopting various ground via patterns [11][12][13]. Research has also focused on a new DL-based via structure with a flat-faced design as an alternative to optimizing the cylindrical via structures in DLs [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Vertical Transition in Coplanar Stripline for Ultra-High-Speed Digital Interfaces

Kim,

Lee,

Min

et al. 2024

Sensors

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A design method for an ultra-wideband coplanar-stripline-based vertical transition that can be used for ultra-high-speed digital interfaces is proposed. A conventional via structure, based on a differential line (DL), inherently possesses performance limitations (<10 GHz) due to difficulties in maintaining constant line impedance and smooth electric field transformation, in addition to the effects of signal skews, FR4 fiber weave, and unbalanced EM interferences. DL-based digital interfaces may not meet the demands of ultra-high-speed digital data transmission required for the upcoming 6G communications. The use of a coplanar stripline (CPS), a type of planar balanced line (BL), for the vertical transition, along with the ultra-wideband DL-to-CPS transition, mostly removes the inherent and unfavorable issues of the DL and enables ultra-high-speed digital data transmission. The design process of the transition is simplified using the analytical design formulas, derived using the conformal mapping method, of the transition. The characteristic line impedances of the transition are calculated and found to be in close agreement with the results obtained from EM simulations. Utilizing these results, the CPS-based vertical transition, maintaining the characteristic line impedance of 100 Ω, is designed and fabricated. The measured results confirm its ultra-wideband characteristics, with a maximum of 1.6 dB insertion loss and more than 10 dB return loss in the frequency range of DC to 30 GHz. Therefore, the proposed CPS-based vertical transition offers a significantly wider frequency bandwidth, i.e., more than three times that of conventional DL-based via structures.

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