Novel Opportunity to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance: To Explore Traditional Chinese Medicine With Potential Activity Against Antibiotics-Resistance Bacteria

Su, Ting; Qiu, Ye; Hua, Xuesi; Bi, Yang; Luo, Haoming; Liu, Da; Qu, Peng; Qiu, Zhidong

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.610070

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This finding is in harmony with the former findings, which indicated that K. pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated strain from patients treated in hospitals (2). Moreover, several studies indicated that hospitals and/or clinics are the potential sites for emerging MDR bacterial strains (29,30). Bacteriophages are promising alternative therapeutic agents against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Isolation and Identification of a Wastewater Siphoviridae Bacteriophage Targeting Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Qadri

Harakeh

Alamri

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Based on the WHO, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a priority pathogen that causes opportunistic infections and is widely spread in the environment. Phage therapy is considered a natural, safe, and very efficient alternative to treat difficult-to-treat infections. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate highly virulent, lytic bacteriophages and evaluate their efficacy for lysing multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Methods: Municipal wastewater samples were collected and filtered using 0.22 µm syringe filters and cultivated with log-phase cultures of K. pneumoniae using enrichment media. After 48 h of incubation, the cultures were centrifuged, and the resultant supernatant was filtered (0.22 µm). The detection of the phage was done using the spot assay with K. pneumoniae as the host. One-step growth kinetics and bacterial reduction tests were conducted to assess the growth kinetics of the isolated phage. The stability of the isolated phage was characterized by subjecting it to various temperature and pH conditions. The chemical stability of the K. pneumoniae phage was determined by exposing it to various organic compounds. A panel of 20 bacterial strains was tested using the spot assay, as well as double agar overlying assay, to determine the host range of the isolated phage. Results: Out of 40 wastewater samples tested, only one sample was tested positive for the K. pneumoniae phage (2.5%) that was lytic against the host strain. The K. pneumoniae phage had a latent period of 15 min and a burst size of 100 virions per infected cell. It was most stable at 37°C and pH range of 6.0 to 10.0. Chemically, the K. pneumoniae phage was resistant to 10% chloroform treatment. Transmission electron micrograph indicated that the K. pneumoniae phage belonged to the order Caudovirales, family Siphoviridae, morphotype B1. Conclusions: Most of the characteristic features of the K. pneumoniae phage indicated the potential of this phage to be used in phage therapy. Hence, a comprehensive study is highly recommended to characterize the K. pneumoniae phage genome, detect its molecular interactions with the host cell, and determine its lytic activity in combination with other phages, which may lead to the efficient utilization of this phage in phage therapy against K. pneumoniae infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Isolation and Identification of a Wastewater Siphoviridae Bacteriophage Targeting Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Qadri

Harakeh

Alamri

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…Antibiotic resistance is defined as the ability of bacteria to resist the inhibitory or destructive activity of an antibiotic to which it was initially sensitive [3]. It primarily results from the uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs both in medicine and in agriculture, which leads to the recurrent exposure of bacteria to sub-lethal doses of antibiotics and results in their adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adaptation phenomenon results mainly from the enzymatic degradation of antibiotics by bacteria [4], the modification of the antibiotic target [5], change in membrane permeability [6], and alternative metabolic pathways [6]. Interbacterial transmission of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer (conjugation, transduction, and transformation) has made the situation critical worldwide [3]. To overcome this problem, intensive research has been done in recent years, and the use of plant extracts and nanoparticle has emerged as promising alternatives [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: The gradual loss of efficacy of conventional antibiotics is a global issue. Plant material extracts and green-synthesized nanoparticles are among the most promising options to address this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of grapefruit peels as well as their inclusion in green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Materials and Methods: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (80% v/v) were prepared, and the volume and mass yields were determined. The synthesis of AgNPs was done in an eco-friendly manner using AgNO3 as a precursor. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–vis spectrometry and photon cross-correlation spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested on three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, clinical Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (two clinical Escherichia coli) using various concentrations of extracts (100, 50, 25, 12, and 5 mg/mL and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the microdilution method. Modulation of cefazoline and ampicillin on resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains was added to the mixture design response surface methodology with extreme vertices design, with the diameters of inhibition and the fractional inhibitory concentration index as responses and factors, respectively. The antibiotic, the ethanolic extract, and water varied from 0.1 MIC to 0.9 MIC for the first two and from 0 to 0.8 in proportion for the third. Validating the models was done by calculating the absolute average deviation, bias factor, and accuracy factor. Results: The volume yield of the EE and aqueous extract (AE) was 96.2% and 93.8% (v/v), respectively, whereas their mass yields were 7.84% and 9.41% (m/m), respectively. The synthesized AgNPs were very uniform and homogeneous, and their size was dependent on the concentration of AgNO3. The antibacterial activity of the two extracts was dose-dependent, and the largest inhibition diameter was observed for the Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus ATCC 6538; AE, 12; EE, 16), whereas AgNPs had a greater effect on Gram-negative bacteria. The MICs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 3.125 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 12.5 (E. coli 1 and E. coli 2), whereas the MICs of the EEs varied from 1.5625 (S. aureus 1, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and E. faecalis) to 6.25 (E. coli 1). There was a significant difference between the MICs of AEs and EEs (p=0.014). The MBCs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 12.5 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 50 (S. aureus 1), whereas those of the EEs varied from 6.25 (S. aureus 1) to 25 (E. coli 1 and E. faecalis). Ethanolic grapefruit extracts demonstrated an ability to modulate cefazolin on E. coli and S. aureus but were completely indifferent to ampicillin on E. coli. Conclusion: Grapefruit peel extracts and their AgNPs exhibit antibacterial properties that can be exploited for the synthesis of new antimicrobials and their EEs may be efficiently used synergistically with other antibiotics against bacteria with intermediate susceptibility.

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“…Another intervention is controlling antimicrobials use, such as selecting novel antimicrobials with limited capacity to ARBs or using fewer antimicrobials. Moreover, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) were used in the treatment of infectious diseases to avoid antibiotic resistance ( Cai et al, 2017 ; Su et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Untreated Wastewater From Three Different Hospitals

et al. 2021

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Controlling antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a worldwide intervention to ensure global health. Hospital wastewater is the main pollution source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and ARGs in the environment. Expanding our knowledge on the bacterial composition of hospital wastewater could help us to control infections in hospitals and decrease pathogen release into the environment. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing-based metagenomic approach was applied to investigate the community composition of bacteria and ARGs in untreated wastewater from three different types of hospitals [the general hospital, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospital, and stomatology hospital]. In total, 130 phyla and 2,554 genera were identified from the microbiota of the wastewaters, with significantly different bacterial community compositions among the three hospitals. Total ARG analysis using the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) revealed that the microbiota in the wastewaters from the three hospitals harbored different types and percentage of ARGs, and their composition was specific to the hospital type based on the correlation analysis between species and ARG abundance, some ARGs contributed to different bacterial genera with various relationships in different hospitals. In summary, our findings demonstrated a widespread occurrence of ARGs and ARG-harboring microbiota in untreated wastewaters of different hospitals, suggesting that protection measures should be applied to prevent human infections. Concurrently, hospital wastewater should be treated more specifically for the removal of pathogens before its discharge into the urban sewage system.

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Novel Opportunity to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance: To Explore Traditional Chinese Medicine With Potential Activity Against Antibiotics-Resistance Bacteria

Cited by 54 publications

References 68 publications

Isolation and Identification of a Wastewater Siphoviridae Bacteriophage Targeting Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Isolation and Identification of a Wastewater Siphoviridae Bacteriophage Targeting Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

Metagenomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Untreated Wastewater From Three Different Hospitals

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