“…38 Noopept, however, produces a nootropic effect at much lower concentrations and can be applied over a wider range of pathological conditions; for example, it also displays anxiolytic effects and is used in anxiety treatment. 39,40 It has been demonstrated that noopept affects synaptic transmission in central neurons, 41 decreases activity of stress-induced kinases, and increases expression of neutrophines in rat hippocampus; 42 it prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis in normal and Down's syndrome human cortical neurons as well. 30 Since many neurodegenerative conditions are accompanied by amyloid formation and amyloid cytotoxicity, we have shown here for the first time that noopept significantly modulates the amyloid assembly of α-Syn, the amyloidogenic protein involved in PD and other neurodegenerative synucleinopathies.…”