“…Those that did not include relevant DMSO controls ( n = 38 articles) often used low concentrations (≤1% DMSO) to deliver treatments, which likely contributed to a reduced perceived need for a solvent control [ 47 , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Studies that used higher DMSO concentrations without solvent controls were more concerning [ 49 , 50 , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] ] as were studies that did not provide concentrations of DMSO used in treatments and did not include solvent controls [ 43 , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] ]. Media-only control-treated biofilms were frequently used in the calculations [ 50 , 56 , 57 , 78 , 79 ] although it is most appropriate to compare treatments delivered with DMSO to DMSO-only control-treated biofilms normalised to 100% growth as in [ 41 , [80] , [81] , [82] ].…”