Novel Near-Infrared Cyanine Fluorochromes:  Synthesis, Properties, and Bioconjugation

Lin, Yu‐Ju; Weissleder, Ralph; Tung, Ching–Hsuan

doi:10.1021/bc0155723

Cited by 162 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…In addition, it has been used in at least one clinical study as an absorber (not a fluorochrome) for enhanced tumor detection31. Near-infrared fluorochromes with improved biophysical properties (solubility, quantum yield, stability, synthetic yield, conjugatability) have recently been developed [47][48][49] and open new avenues for high efficiency labeling of affinity molecules. Before they can enter routine clinical use, however, these fluorochromes will need to undergo testing and receive approval from the US Food and Drug Administration.…”

Section: Detecting Early Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light onto live molecular targets

Weissleder

Ntziachristos

2003

Nat Med

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1,763

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Abstract-Optical sensing of specific molecular targets and pathways deep inside living mice has become possible as a result of a number of advances. These include design of biocompatible near-infrared fluorochromes, development of targeted and activatable 'smart' imaging probes, engineered photoproteins and advances in photon migration theory and reconstruction. Together, these advances will provide new tools making it possible to understand more fully the functioning of protein networks, diagnose disease earlier and speed along drug discovery.

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Section: Detecting Early Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light onto live molecular targets

Weissleder

Ntziachristos

2003

Nat Med

Self Cite

1,763

1,319

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“…The growing range of applications has warranted the need for a convenient, reliable synthesis of these molecules. The synthesis of these compounds has been a challenge due to the production of the symmetrical dye alongside the desired unsymmetrical dye (Lin, Weissleder et al 2002;Toutchkine, Nalbant et al 2002;Kim, Kodagahally et al 2005;Jiang, Dou et al 2007). The purification of this mixture is nontrivial requiring multiple chromatographic steps that often lead to low yields.…”

Section: Unsymmetrical Cyanine Dye Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis to the Development of Near-IR Cyanine Dye Probes

Winstead¹,

Williams²

2011

Environmental Biosensors

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“…There is significant interest in applications in the nearinfrared spectrum due to the high tissue penetration of light in this range as well as minimized autofluorescence. Many fluorophores are available for coupling to biologically targeted molecules such as antibodies and peptides (75,76). In general, fluorescein, indocyanine green (ICG), and porphyrin derivatives are used as optical contrast agents for in vivo imaging, localizing to pathological tissues by a variety of targeting mechanisms (77,78).…”

Section: Optical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Disease In Vivo

Dothager

Piwnica‐Worms²

2009

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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Characterization and noninvasive measurement of molecular pathways and biochemistry in living cells, animal models, and humans at the cellular and molecular level is now possible using remote imaging detectors. Positron and single photon emission tomography scanners, highly sensitive cameras for bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging, as well as high-magnetic-field magnetic resonance imaging scanners, can be used to study such diverse processes as signal transduction, receptor density and function, host response to pathogens, cell trafficking, and gene transfer. In many cases, images from more than one modality can be fused, allowing structure-function and multifunction relationships to be studied on a tissue-restricted or regional basis. ''Molecular imaging'' holds enormous potential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary disease and therapeutic response in intact animal models and humans.Keywords: molecular imaging; positron emission tomography; optical imaging; magnetic resonance imaging; imaging reporter genes Molecular imaging is broadly defined as the characterization and measurement of biological processes in living animals, model systems, and humans at the cellular and molecular level using remote imaging detectors. With refined genomic maps of human, mouse, and many pathogens completed, genetic information is expected to lead to new medical therapies, diagnostics, and ultimately to cures previously not imagined. In the post-genomic era, wherein functionality will be added to this vast array of genetic information, opportunity exists for imaging to play a significant role in basic and translational research as well as clinical care of patients. Molecular imaging offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify, follow, and quantify biologic processes at the cellular and subcellular level in intact organisms. In the long term, molecular imaging may provide a seamless translation for studies in cells to animals and, ultimately, to humans.The ability to image fundamental biological processes, such as receptor occupancy, cell trafficking, and drug action, provides ample reason to employ molecular imaging strategies in studies of pulmonary disease. Molecular imaging capitalizes on recent advances in the techniques of molecular and cell biology, on new highly specific probes that serve as sources of imaging signal, and on significant improvements in imaging instrumentation specifically designed for small animal imaging. In this brief review, we highlight and illustrate a few of the general types of imaging studies that are being conducted (or could be) to investigate pulmonary disease. In-depth, general reviews of molecular imaging are available elsewhere (1-6). GENERATING SIGNAL IN MOLECULAR IMAGING: APPRAISAL OF VARIOUS STRATEGIESOverall, imaging reagents can comprise injectable and inhalable contrast agents, and radiopharmaceuticals, with or without activation strategies, or genetically encoded reporters. These reagents are all useful in biological studies, but injectable or inhalable agents...

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Novel Near-Infrared Cyanine Fluorochromes: Synthesis, Properties, and Bioconjugation

Cited by 162 publications

References 19 publications

Shedding light onto live molecular targets

Shedding light onto live molecular targets

Application of Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis to the Development of Near-IR Cyanine Dye Probes

Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Disease In Vivo

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