Novel nanobiotechnological concepts in electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of toxins

Abstract

This article gives an overview of the biosensors for the analysis of mycotoxins, marine toxins and cyanobacterial toxins, describing in depth the electrochemical biosensors that incorporate nanobiotechnological concepts. Firstly, it presents tailor-designed biomolecules, such as recombinant enzymes, recombinant antibody fragments and aptamers as novel biorecognition elements in biosensors. It also reviews the use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aiming at improving the electrochemical transduction strategies. Finally, the exploitation of magnetic particles (MPs) as immobilisation carriers in flow-systems and the development of arrays are also described. The incorporation of these nanobiotechnological concepts provides with electrochemical biosensors with superior analytical performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, stability and analysis time.

NIR-Raman spectrum and DFT calculations of okadaic acid DSP marine biotoxin microprobe

“…The newly released μ‐RIM™ stainless steel highly hydrophobic microscopic slide was kindly provided by Dr Rina K. Dukor from BioTools, USA.…”

Deoxynivalenol-mimic nanobody isolated from a naïve phage display nanobody library and its application in immunoassay

“…mycotoxins, pesticides, and veterinary drugs) in foods is a serious concern since it poses a threat to the health of humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop rapid analytical and detection techniques for continued surveillance of foods and feedstuffs [1,2]. To date, a number of analytical techniques have been developed for chemical contaminant analysis, including chromatography [3], mass spectrometry [4], surface enhanced Raman scattering [5], NMR spectroscopy [6] and immunoassays [7].…”

Immunoassays and Biosensors for the Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Water

“…In contrast, cylindrospermopsin (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrospermopsin) [28–31] may be analyzed by usual HPLC/UV or LC-MS/MS, like the microcystins. Some reviews have been already published [32–34], which cover some aspects of this article. The reader is encouraged to take a look at these articles, too.…”